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Canadian Arctic Islands: North America
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The search for the Northwest Passage began when the English explorer Sir Martin Frobisher reached the Canadian Arctic in 1576; in 1587 John Davis sailed through part of what became known as Davis Strait, between Greenland and Baffin Island. In 1610 Henry Hudson sighted the bay that was later named for him; it was explored in 1612–13 by Sir Thomas Button (fl. 1589-1634) from Wales. William Baffin, an Englishman, explored what came to be called Baffin Bay in 1616, reaching lat 77°45´ N, a record maintained for 200 years.
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By any of the botanically based definitions, all of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago is unambiguously Arctic although the southern regions are below the Arctic Circle (66°33’ N). The Arctic Archipelago has an area of 1.42 million square kilometres (about 549,000 square miles); approximately two-thirds of the area of Greenland. From east to west, the Archipelago extends from the southern tip of Baffin Island to the northwest corner of Banks Island, a distance of about 3000 km. In a north-south direction, it extends from Mansel Island, 62° N to Cape Columbia, on the north coast of Ellesmere Island, 83°39’N, a distance of about 3000 km.
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This is a study of the nature and role of science in the exploration of the Canadian Arctic. It covers the century that began with the British Royal Naval expeditions of 1818 and ends with the Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913-1918. Professor Levere focuses on the imperialistic dimensions and nationalistic aspirations that informed arctic science, and situates its rise in the context of economic and military history of nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe and North America. Accessibly written and prodigously researched, Science and the Canadian Arctic should appeal to an audience of historians, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in the Arctic.
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In the Canadian Arctic, Inuit hunters encouraged their sled dogs to breed with wolves to retain their desirable characteristics. Wolves have always been trapped and hunted throughout the north for their pelts for use in making or trimming clothing. Though not normally hunted for food, wolf meat is occasionally used.
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The Highlights of the Canadian Arctic Contaminants Assessment Report (CACAR)–PhaseII report is part of a series of reports that summarize the work carried out since 1997 during Phase II of the Northern Contaminants Program (NCP). This report conveys in plain language the main results of the technical reports, keeping a readership of northerners specifically inmind.
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Porsild (1957, 1964) has been the authoritative Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago for more than forty years during which time there has been considerable research on Arctic taxa of vascular plants (see references). Porsild (1957) provided limited classical keys to groups, often based on a single character that may be absent from a specimen to be identified. His taxonomic descriptions usually have fewer than 10 characters. For all taxa in this treatment, at least 50 characters were recorded and some have information for over 100 characters. The present product attempts to summarize the post-1957 literature, current thinking on the Arctic Flora as it is released in the Flora of North America, and information that has resulted from the Panarctic Flora project (Nordal and Yu. Razzhivim 1999; Elven et al. 2003).
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