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Callisto
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Callisto is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of new drugs to treat various forms of cancer and other serious afflictions. Callisto's drug candidates in development currently include anti-cancer agents in clinical development, in addition to drugs for a range of other significant health care market segments, including biodefense. One of the Company's lead drug candidates, L-Annamycin, is being developed as a treatment for forms of relapsed leukemia, a currently incurable blood cancer. Callisto initiated a clinical trial of L-Annamycin in adult relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia patients in 4Q 2005. L-Annamycin, a new compound from the anthracycline family of proven anti-cancer drugs, has a novel therapeutic profile, including activity against resistant diseases and significantly reduced cardiotoxicity, or damage to the heart, compared to currently available drug alternatives. Another anti-cancer drug, Atiprimod, is in development to treat relapsed multiple myeloma, a blood cancer.
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The first indication that Jupiter's moon Callisto might be of astrobiological interest came in October 1998, with the publication of a paper proposing that Callisto, like Europa, might have an underground ocean of water and perhaps the basic ingredients for life. This suggestion followed from measurements of Callisto's magnetic field by the Galileo spacecraft. Krishnan Khurana of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues found that Callisto's magnetic field fluctuates in time with Jupiter's rotation, suggesting that Jupiter's powerful magnetic field generates electric currents in the moon which, in turn, give rise to the fluctuations. In trying to understand how currents could flow within the body of Callisto, Khurana et al hypothesized the existence of a subterranean ocean of salty water which would effectively act like a giant battery. This idea was given further credence by Galileo data which showed that the electric currents within Callisto flow in different directions at different times.
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By this time, Callisto has had enough of the emotional pain that has tormented her since childhood. Hope spins a cocoon around herself for her transformation from child into adult. Callisto agrees to protect her until she hatches, in exchange for permanent oblivion.[10] When Gabrielle sacrifices herself to destroy Hope, Callisto changes her mind and gleefully exclaims that she has a reason for living again. However, it proves to be a moot point, as seconds later Xena in her furious torment mutters, "No more living for you" and slays Callisto with the Hind's Blood Dagger.[11]
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Beneath the ocean, Callisto seems to have a strange interior that is not entirely uniform and does not vary dramatically. Galileo probe data suggest that the interior is composed of compressed rock and ice, with the percentage of rock increasing with depth due to partial settling of its constituents. Callisto has the lowest density of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter, only 1.86 g/cm3, and is about 40% ice and 60% rock/iron. Titan and Triton are probably similar in composition.
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Callisto ... appears in X-Men: Evolution animated series as a less-violent, more even-tempered leader of the Morlocks. She first appeared in the first season, when the X-Men meet the morlocks for the first time. Like in the older series, Storm faced off with Callisto, she next appeared to sabotage a beverage company where its beverage, Pow-r-8 (Power Eight), leaking into the sewers, is revealed to be poisonous to the mutants. She later returned when anti-mutant thugs were using laser technology to attack the X-Men, Spyke, and Leech. In contrast to her original personality, this Callisto is a voice of reason, with Spyke being the more violent-minded vigilante. Callisto is voiced by Saffron Henderson.
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Callisto was discovered independently by Italian astronomer Galileo and German astronomer Simon Marius. Callisto and the three other large moons of Jupiter—all of which were found in 1610—are collectively known as the Galilean moons. Marius named Callisto and the other Galilean moons for mythical lovers of the Greek god Zeus, whom the Romans renamed Jupiter. Callisto was a nymph who was changed into a bear by Zeus’s jealous wife Hera. In Greek mythology, Callisto is the basis of the constellation Ursa Major. Craters on Callisto are generally named for heroes and heroines of northern mythologies.
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