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Caesar Augustus
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Caesar Augustus was born Gaius Octavius on September 23, 63 BC to a prosperous family that had long been settled in Velitrae (southeast of Rome). His father, who died in 59 BC, had been the first of the family to become a Roman senator and was elected to the high annual office of the praetorship, which ranked second in the political hierarchy to the consulship. His mother, Atia, was the daughter of Julia, the sister of Julius Caesar. It was Caesar who launched the young Octavius in Roman public life. At the age of 12 he made his debut by delivering the funeral speech for his grandmother Julia. In 46 he accompanied Caesar, now dictator, in his triumphal procession after his victory in Africa over his opponents in the Civil War.
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Caesar Augustus (23 September 62 BC - 19 August AD 14), known earlier in his life as Octavian, was the first Roman Emperor. Although he preserved the outward forms of the Roman Republic, he ruled as an autocrat for more than 40 years. He ended a century of civil wars and gave Rome an era of peace, prosperity and imperial greatness. He is generally known to historians by the title "Augustus" (revered one), which he acquired in 27 BC.
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Caesar Augustus had no son and adopted several men as his successor; his grandsons Gaius and Lucius received the name Caesar, later Postumus Agrippa, and finally Tiberius, who eventually succeeded Rome's first emperor. Other members of the royal family received the surname too: Tiberius' son Drusus, Germanicus (and all his sons), and the emperor Gaius (Caligula). Claudius ... accepted the name when he succeeded Caligula in 41.
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The face of Caesar Augustus. Augustus was not only the first emperor, he was ... the greatest. He definitely deserved the title 'father of his country'. He exercised authority concerning both Rome and the provinces with great wisdom. He boasted that he had transformed Rome from a city of brick into a city of marble. The bust of Augustus is important in the study of Biblical Archaeology, it reveals the image and reality of a person mentioned in the Bible at the time of Christ's birth.
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Caesar Augustus became the first Roman emperor after the republic was destroyed by the dictatorship of his great-uncle and adoptive father, Julius Caesar. His autocratic regime is known as the principate because he was the princeps, the first citizen, at the head of that array of outwardly revived republican institutions that alone made his autocracy palatable. With unlimited patience, skill, and efficiency, he overhauled every aspect of Roman life and brought durable peace and prosperity to the Greco-Roman world.
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Caesar Augustus's reign was marked by peace and security - the famous Pax Romana - as well as by lavish building projects throughout the empire. In addition, according to Paul Maier, Augustus had such an intense interest in religion within his realm that, if not for his other great achievements, he might have gone down in history as a religious reformer. In his day, belief in the traditional Greco-Roman pantheon had decreased dramatically as philosophical skepticism grew and a growing number joined the foreign mystery religions. Augustus was convinced that belief in the old gods had made Rome great so he set out to encourage his subjects to return to the worship of these gods. He restored eighty-two temples in Rome alone! He became the pontifex maximus (highest priest) in the state cult.1
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Caesar Augustus