LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Caesar: Transalpine Gaul
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One of the best things for the HSC students about studying Julius Caesar as their chosen personality is the wealth of information available about him. Not only is there his own writings (The Conquest of Gaul and The Civil War), but those of his contemporaries, Cicero and Sallust, and later ancient writers such as Suetonius, Plutarch, Appian and Velleius Paterculus. Innumerable modern historians have ... written about Julius Caesar.
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When Octavius was a youth, Caesar took a great interest in his education and made him his heir without the boy's knowledge. Octavius was in Illyricum when Caesar was killed, and he promptly set out for Rome to avenge the dictator's death. Before he reached the city, he heard that he was Caesar's heir. At Rome, Antony was in control, and Octavian was recognized by Cicero and the senate as a leader against him. Antony went north to take Gaul and was defeated (43 B.C.) at Mutina (modern Modena).
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For the next seven years Caesar directed his army in conquering the rest of Gaul, which consisted of the remainder of current France and Belgium and parts of Germany, Holland, and Switzerland. Overall, the Roman legions were vastly outnumbered, but Caesar was aware that he could attack and defeat his enemies piecemeal because the Celtic tribes of France would not unite against him. His tactics were simple and lacking in any great innovation. Instead of new ideas, he relied on the fighting proficiency of his legions and his personal capacity to motivate them.
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In 55 B.C., Caesar made explorations into Britain, and in 54 B.C. he defeated the Britons, led by Cassivellaunus. Caesar met his most serious opposition in Gaul from Vercingetorix, whom he defeated in Alesia in 52 B.C. By the end of the wars Caesar had reduced all Gaul to Roman control. These campaigns proved him one of the greatest commanders of all time. In them he revealed his consummate military genius, characterized by quick, sure judgment and indomitable energy. The campaigns ... developed the personal devotion of the legions to Caesar. His personal interest in the men (he is reputed to have known them all by name) and his willingness to undergo every hardship made him the idol of the army—a significant element in his later career.
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After the First Triumvirate ended, the senate supported Pompey, who became sole consul in 52 Meanwhile, Caesar had become a military hero as well as a champion of the people. The senate feared him and wanted him to give up his army, knowing that he hoped to be consul when his term in Gaul expired. In Dec., 50 , Caesar wrote the senate that he would give up his army if Pompey would give up his. The senate heard the letter with fury and demanded that Caesar disband his army at once or be declared an enemy of the people–an illegal bill, for Caesar was entitled to keep his army until his term was up.
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After his Consulship, Caesar chose his foreign province in Gaul. He found a pretext to invade the unconquered lands in northern Gaul where, in a decade of bloody conquest, he himself estimated that he killed or enslaved millions of men, women and children. The booty made him immensely rich, while the legend of his military genius was established. It has never faded.
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Transalpine Gaul