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Caesar: Rome
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In 54 B.C. occurred the death of Caesar's daughter Julia, Pompey's wife since 59 B.C. She had been the principal personal tie between the two men. During the years Caesar was in Gaul, Pompey had been gradually leaning more and more toward the senatorial party. The tribunate of Clodius (58 B.C.) had aggravated conditions in Rome, and Caesar's military successes had aroused Pompey's jealousy. Crassus' death (53 B.C.) in Parthia ended the First Triumvirate and set Pompey and Caesar against each other.
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Caesar was no longer welcome in Rome due to is connectiongs Marius and Cinna. He lost the inheritance from his father and lost the dowry of his marriage to Conclia. He was no longer a priest and was given freedom from harrasment but went to Asia to be an aide to Marcus Thermus.
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Why was Caesar selected for beginners as an example of Latin writing only in America? After 1725, when the Caesarian grammars and textbooks began to appear, America was, or perhaps thought it was in a position comparable to that of the Romans in Caesar's time. Men bearing a high form of Civilization, whether Romans or Anglo-Saxon colonists, were facing an uncivilized and dangerous race of savages (Gauls or American Indians). War was waged against the savages in their own backyard, where they presumably had an advantage. They were brave, at times admirable, but of course doomed to be beaten in the name of Civilization, under Rome or under the American government. But propaganda, Roman or American, had to show that they were a serious threat to the bearers of the burden of civilization, so that no right-minded person would extend to them much sympathy or any degree of clemency..
Julius Caesar Caesar first took power with two other politicians, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) and Marcus Licinius Crassus. These three men ruled Rome and were called the Triumvirate. With their agreement, Caesar became the governor of Gallia. Gallia is the area which is today North Italy, Switzerland, and France. Caesar was leader during the Gallic War, which was fought between the Gallic people and German people, who wanted to live in Gallia. Caesar wrote about this eight-year war in his book De Bello Galico ("On the Gallic Wars").
Caesar is remembered as one of history's greatest generals and a key ruler of the Roman empire. As a young man he rose through the administrative ranks of the Roman republic, accumulating power until he was elected consul in 59 B.C. Over the next 15 years he led Roman armies against enemies abroad, especially in Gaul, while fighting Pompey and others for political control at home. In 45 B.C. he reached his ultimate success, being named dictator of Rome for life. That rule was short-lived: the next year he was stabbed to death in the Senate by a group led by his follower Marcus Junius Brutus. Caesar's life and death were dramatized in the William Shakespeare play Julius Caesar, with Caesar's famous death line: "Et tu, Brute? Then fall Caesar!"
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Gaius Iulius Caesar Caesar was ... appointed flamen dialis (the chief priest of Jupiter) by Cinna. The flamen dialis was submitted to a strict programme of religious duties, including a restriction on leaving Rome for more than one night in a row, which effectively prevented the flamen dialis from pursuing a normal political career. Maybe little was expected of Caesar due to the undistinguished recent history of his family.
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