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Caesar: Bc Caesar
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Caesar Augustus was born Gaius Octavius on September 23, 63 BC to a prosperous family that had long been settled in Velitrae (southeast of Rome). His father, who died in 59 BC, had been the first of the family to become a Roman senator and was elected to the high annual office of the praetorship, which ranked second in the political hierarchy to the consulship. His mother, Atia, was the daughter of Julia, the sister of Julius Caesar. It was Caesar who launched the young Octavius in Roman public life. At the age of 12 he made his debut by delivering the funeral speech for his grandmother Julia. In 46 he accompanied Caesar, now dictator, in his triumphal procession after his victory in Africa over his opponents in the Civil War.
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While Caesar was in Britain his daughter Julia, Pompey's wife, had died in childbirth. Caesar tried to resecure Pompey's support by offering him his great-niece Octavia in marriage, alienating Octavia's husband Gaius Marcellus, but Pompey declined. In 53 BC Crassus was killed leading a failed invasion of Parthia. Rome was on the edge of violence. Pompey was appointed sole consul as an emergency measure, and married Cornelia, daughter of Caesar's political opponent Quintus Metellus Scipio, whom he invited to become his consular colleague once order was restored. The Triumvirate was dead.[52]
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Despite the overwhelming assault on him, Caesar still had the presence of mind to maintain his dignity for posterity purposed. Resigning himself to the assassination, Caesar pulled the folds of his toga over his head so as to prevent anyone seeing his face at death. In all, Caesar was stabbed 23 times, and inevitably collapsed. At the foot of the blood splattered statue of his old friend, rival and son-in-law, Pompey, Gaius Julius Caesar died at the age of 55, on March 15, 44 BC.
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Julius Caesar achieved the goal of his life—a fame akin to immortality. Born in 100 BC to one of Rome’s most noble families, Caesar was well aware that his relations had lost their former political clout and determined to rebuild it. The Republic of Caesar’s youth was in decline: decades of increasing political stress between competing groups and classes led to civil wars, wars against the Italian allies, and recurring bloody coups d’etat. Underlying the turmoil was a struggle between the handful of noble families who had controlled the Republic for a century (the Optimates) and those wishing to extend power to other classes and allied states (the Populares). From the beginning, young Caesar firmly allied himself with the popular agenda. Then, in his teens, came the terror of the dictator Sulla, with proscription lists in the Forum detailing who would be killed and whose property would be confiscated. Rome appeared locked in a cycle of revolution and counter-revolution.
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Caesar married three Roman women during his life and had one child called Julia. Caesar travelled to Egypt and met Queen Cleopatra. They fell in love and may have had a son named Caesarion. They could not marry according to the Roman Law. When Caesar died, without any legal children (Julia died in 54 BC), his niece's son, Octavian became his heir. This means Octavian got all the things that Julius Caesar owned, making him very rich.
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Julius Caesar was born on July 13, 100 BC in Rome. His full name was Gaius Julius Caesar. He was a celebrated Roman general and statesman. Among his accomplishments he conquered Gaul (modern France and Belgium - 58-50 BC). He won a victory in the Civil War of 49-46 BC, and was dictator from 46-44 BC. He changed the Roman republic into a monarchy and a truly Mediterranean empire.
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