LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Caddo Indians: Lands
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The Caddo Indians, a friendly and peaceful tribe, were the area’s first settlers. In 1835 the U.S. government purchased the land for $80,000 and within a year moved the Indians away from the region.
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The Caddo Indians lived in the northeastern area of the Pineywoods. The Caddo cultivated (farmed) land, made pottery, and traded extensively with other Mound Builder tribes. They built cone-shaped huts covered with bundles of cane for thatching.
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On bluff, south of this road, is the site of Caddo Agency House where Caddo Indians ceded about 1,000,000 acres to the U.S. for $80,000 on July 1, 1835. by this treaty, Indians ... gave to Larkin Edwards, interpreter and friend, a tract of land that later became the site of Shreveport.
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Before the white man came to the area, North Caddo was the rich forest land of the Kadohadacho or Caddo Indians. Folklore tells that in 1811, the great New Madrid Missouri Earthquake formed the now present Caddo Lake. Earliest settlers were traders, trappers, and farmers. The buffalo moved farther west as civilization penetrated the once wilderness country. In 1903, a "pick and shovel man" camp was built to house crews who built and maintained the railroads.
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The Hasinai Caddos were among the most advanced Indians in Texas. They were prospering farmers, hunters, and gatherers who lived in permanent villages in a land of bears and honey. For much of their East Texas history, they lived in relative richness, occupying the creek and river bottoms and raising their crops in large, carefully cultivated fields of rich soil.
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Their name derives from a French truncation of kadohadacho, meaning "real chief" in Caddo. From ancient times they occupied the lower Red River area in Louisiana and Arkansas, and many striking examples of prehistoric pottery and basketry have been found. They were a semisedentary agricultural people who lived in conical pole-and-thatch dwellings. In the 18th century, pressures from white settlers pushed many Caddo off their lands, a process that intensified with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. By 1835 the Caddo had ceded all their land to the U.S., and by 1859 most were living on reservations in Oklahoma. Caddo descendants numbered more than 4,000 in the early 21st century.
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