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Byzantine Empire: Seljuk Turks
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In 1453, the capital of the Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks after a long cannon bombardament at a time when the Empire had been reduced to a mere shell of its former self. The conquerors renamed the city Istanbul.
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The era from about 1025 to 1453 witnessed the decline of the Byzantine Empire and its ultimate destruction. Loss of territory, internal discord, and defeats by the crusaders were blows from which the empire could not recover. There were new enemies in this era—the Petcheneg and Seljuk Turks to the east and north, and the Normans and Slavs to the west. In 1064 the Byzantines lost Belgrade…
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The Byzantine Empire survived and with the help of the Europoeans took back half of Turkey from the Turks, with the other half remaining under the Turks. The Byzantines survived because three good Emperors ruled one after the other, allowing the Byzantines to grow strong again.
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The Byzantine Emprie existed for over 1,000 years, from the early 4th century, when Constantine established the seat of the Roman Empire at Byzantium, to 1453, when the Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks. This guide includes resources that will aid in the study of the history of Byzantium, broadly defined, including cultural, political, and religious topics.
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The decline of the 'theme' system, which had supplied large numbers of troops for the empire in earlier centuries, was ... a major factor in the failure of Byzantine efforts to drive out the Turks. It is thought that the Byzantine army under Manuel numbered some 40,000 men. Comparison with the thematic army that had existed in the ninth century shows that considerably more men had been available for duty under the theme system. And like the late Roman army, the late Byzantine army was more costly than its earlier counterpart . Although the role of mercenaries in the Byzantine army has been the subject of much debate, it is a common misconception that they formed the entire Byzantine army in this period. In fact, the Comneni emperors made significant efforts to recruit native units as well as mercenaries. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that mercenaries did make up a substantial part of the army, and they were often expensive.
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A large number of people known as the Turks rode on horseback from central Asia and attacked the Byzantine Empire. They took all of Turkey from the Byzantines by 1091. However, the Byzantines recieved help from people in Europe. This help is known as the First Crusade. Many knights and soldiers left to help the Byzantines but ... to secure Jerusalem for Christians, which at the time was in Muslim hands.
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Seljuk Turks