LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Byzantine Art: Period
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In contrast to the artistic experimentations in the Justinian age, the mid-Byzantine period was one of consolidation. Recurring types of the centralized church were established, and the program of their mosaic decoration was systematized in order to conform to Orthodox beliefs and practices.
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Section II on Reference Materials highlights reference tools for ancient and medieval studies that offer adequate or better coverage of topics related to Byzantine history, culture, and/or arts. It assumes that the researcher already has a familiarity with more general resources for the arts and humanities such as the invaluable Bibliography of the History of Art, Art Index, Arts and Humanities Citation Index, etc. It is hoped that the non-specialist will be well-served by the less familiar resources selected for this list because of their focus on specific historical periods and materials, while the specialist will find it a useful overview.
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This is a reconstructed Cardo [Jerusalem's main street] shop from the Byzantine era. The shop is not more than a niche, on the west side of the Cardo, inside one of the hewn spaces. The plaster on the walls is from a later period, when this space was used as a water cistern. The water cisterns were plastered to prevent water from seeping into the stone.
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Upon arriving in Athens, Greece in 1963, Mr. Katsaros attended the Art Institute of Athens. He spent the remaining five years under the direct tutelage of the artist and Iconographer Mr. George Patriarchia. During this period in his education he was taught the basis of Byzantine technique which would influence his painting of Icons in the future.
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The sun clock was not a Byzantine invention, and clocks like the one illustrated (or similar to it) have been found from earlier periods (ancient Roman). The curved face of the stone is divided by radial lines into 12 sections. A metal rod, placed at its top, cast a shadow over the curved surface. The time could be discerned by where the shadow fell.
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