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Burundi: Central Africa
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Burundi is one of the poorest, smallest, and most densely populated nations in Africa. Its poor transportation system and its distance from the sea have tended to limit economic growth. The economy is almost entirely agricultural, with most engaged in subsistence farming, growing corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, and manioc. Coffee, Burundi’s chief export, accounts for 80% of its foreign exchange income. Cotton, tea, sugar, and hides are ... exported. Cattle, goats, and sheep are raised.
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The Burundi national football team, nicknamed Les Hirondelles (The Sparrows), is the national team of Burundi and is controlled by the National Football Association of Burundi. It has never qualified for the World Cup or the African Nations Cup finals.
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At 206.1 persons per sq. km., Burundi has the second-largest population density in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil. The population is made up of three major ethnic groups--Bahutu (Hutu), Batutsi or Watusi (Tutsi), and Batwa (Twa). Kirundi is the common language. Intermarriage takes place frequently between the Hutus and Tutsis. The terms "pastoralist" and "agriculturist," often used as ethnic designations for Watutsi and Bahutu, respectively, are only occupational titles which vary among individuals and groups.
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At 206.1 persons per sq. km., Burundi has the second-largest population density in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil. The population is made up of three major ethnic groups--Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa. Kirundi is the most widely spoken language; French and Kiswahili ... are widely spoken. Intermarriage takes place frequently between the Hutus and Tutsis. Although Hutus encompass the majority of the population, historically Tutsis have been politically and economically dominant.
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Burundi existed as an independent Kingdom for several centuries before becoming part of German East Africa in 1899. After WWI it became the Belgian-run territory of ‘Ruanda-Urundi’, with neighbouring Rwanda, under a League of Nations mandate. Following independence in 1962, Burundi was run by a series of brutal regimes dominated by the minority Tutsi group. Massacres in 1972 killed an estimated 300,000 of which the majority were Hutu. In 1987 Major Pierre Buyoya, a Tutsi, took control in a bloodless coup and initiated a 5-year transition to democracy.
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Burundi lies on the western escapement of the high African plateau, 1400 to 1800 m above sea level, though there are elevations over 2000 m in the west. The land slopes more gently towards the east. Annual rainfall is plentiful (800 to 1400 mm) and comparatively reliable. The vegetation is generally moist savanna with grassland covering the higher-lying parts. Average temperature in the higher parts is 20 degrees C and 23 degrees C in the lower areas.
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Central Africa