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Brazil: States
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Brazil is a federal republic with 26 states and a federal district. The 1988 constitution grants broad powers to the federal government, made up of executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The president holds office for four years, with the right to re-election for an additional four-year term, and appoints his own cabinet. There are 81 senators, three for each state and the Federal District, and 513 deputies. Senate terms are eight years, staggered so that two-thirds of the upper house is up for election at one time and one-third four years later. Chamber terms are four years, with elections based on a complex system of proportional representation by states.
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President Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-61), a pro-Vargas politician, sought to develop indigenous nuclear capabilities by appointing a Congressional Investigating Committee (Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito--CPI) to examine United States nuclear ties with Brazil. The CPI urged Brazil to adopt an independent nuclear posture. As a result, Kubitschek in 1956 created the IPEN (Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research). Kubitschek's successor, Jânio Quadros (president, January-August 1961), continued the independent nuclear policy, which was based on natural uranium, as did his successor, João Goulart (president, 1961-64).
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President Fernando Collor de Mello took bold steps to control and restrict Brazil's nuclear programs. In September 1990, he symbolically closed a test site at Cachimbo, in Pará State. That October, he formally exposed the military's secret plan to develop an atom bomb.
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The Federal Constitution, promulgated on October 5, 1988, is the fundamental law of Brazil and it rules the system. All other legislation and court decisions must conform to its rules.[37] As of April 2007, it has been through 53 Amendments. States ... adopt their own Constitutions, but they must also not contradict the Federal Constitution.[38] Municipalities and the Federal District do not have their own Constitutions; instead, they adopt "organic laws" (
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WTorre - Having operated in Brazil for over 20 years, WTorre Group has more than 4,000,000 sq.m. of constructed area, and it consolidates its position as one of the largest real estate groups operating in the Brazilian corporate segment, always focusing on the accomplishment of works, innovative proposals, efficiency in floor sq.m compared to constructed sq.m and use of state-of-the-art technology.
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