LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Botswana: Government
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Political Structure Botswana is a parliamentary republic that consists of three different branches. The executive branch is composed of a president, vice president, and cabinet. The president and vice president control both the chief of state and head of government positions. The president serves a five-year term and is elected by the National Assembly. The president appoints both the vice president and the cabinet. The legislative branch is a bicameral Parliament that consists of a House of Chiefs and a National Assembly.
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In Botswana, 53,200 orphans are registered and receiving support from the government. However, many orphans and vulnerable children still require care and protection. Traditionally, extended families were able to provide support to orphans, but their capacities are now limited by the magnitude of the problem.
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Botswana seeks to further diversify its economy away from minerals, which account for a third of GDP, down from nearly half of GDP in the early 1990s. Foreign investment and management are welcomed in Botswana. Botswana abolished foreign exchange controls in 1999, has a low corporate tax rate (15%), no prohibitions on foreign ownership of companies, and a moderate inflation rate (7.6% November 2004). The Government of Botswana is currently considering additional policies to enhance competitiveness, including a new Foreign Direct Investment Strategy, Competition Policy, Privatisation Master Plan, and National Export Development Strategy.
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The Botswana judgment is... distinctive in several respects. Along with similar cases in peninsular Malaysia, the Basarwa litigation was one of the first in which hunter-gatherer tribes asserted their rights as indigenous peoples as against precolonial occupants, and used the language of anti-colonialism against governments that regarded themselves as indigenous. The case is also a judgment against the forced resettlement and modernization to which many nomadic peoples have been subjected by colonial and post-colonial states. Both the resettlement of the Basarwa into planned communities and the ensuing problems with alcoholism and anomie would be familiar to any Native American, Bedouin, Australian aborigine or Indian adivasi, and the language of the Botswana judges may be used in future human rights claims against such settlement programs.
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Botswana is governed under the constitution of 1966. The president, who is both head of state and head of government, is indirectly elected to a five-year term and is eligible for a second term. There is a bicameral legislature. The House of Chiefs has 15 members, eight permanent and seven elected for five-year terms. The National Assembly has 63 members, 57 of whom are popularly elected and four appointed by the majority party (the president and attorney general serve as ex-officio members). Members of the National Assembly serve five-year terms and elect the president.
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Botswana was struggling to expand its antiretroviral treatment programme, largely because of a shortage of health workers. The government had hoped to provide drugs to 19,000 people by the end of 2002, but had enrolled only 3,200 by the end of January 2003.2
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