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Boron: Water
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Boron has been found to be potentially harmful in drinking water. It is believed that the level of boron should not exceed about 0.5 mg/l (0.5 ppm) as boron in potable water. Also, water used for irrigation must have a boron content between relatively tight limits (0.2 to 0.5 mg/l). The presence of boron in drinking water has diverse origins:
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Boron occurs naturally in the environment due to the release into air, soil and water through weathering. It may ... occur in groundwater in very small amounts. Humans add boron by manufacturing glass, combusting coal, melting copper and through the addition of agricultural fertilizers. The concentrations of boron that are added by humans are smaller that the naturally added concentrations through natural weathering.
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Boron is released to the environment from natural sources such as oceans, volcanoes, and geothermal steam. Boron is ... released from industries that use it. No information is available on how long boron remains in air, water, or soil. Boron does not appear to accumulate in fish or other organisms in water. Boron accumulates in plants and is found in foods, mainly fruits and vegetables.
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Often the symptoms of Boron deficiency occur despite high levels of Boron being present in the irrigation water. Ideally the first applications of Boron should be applied at seedling stage in the nursery, as a foliar spray. Thereafter the next application should be at transplant and again two weeks later.
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Boron and Its Role in Crop Production provides a broad perspective on this subject by experts from around the world. The book offers in-depth coverage of the chemistry of boron, the extraction of boron from various soils, methods for determining boron in soil and plants, and the role of boron in the physiology of plants and seed production. It ... examines the technology and application of boron fertilizers for crops, the response to boron of various crops, boron deficiency and toxicity in plants, and boron distribution among plant parts. Modeling of boron adsorption and desorption to provide a description of chemical systems in soils is explained, and models for detoxifying boron in irrigation water high in boron content are described.
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Boron is not soluble in water. It normally does not react with acids. In powder form, it reacts with hot nitric acid (HNO3) and hot sulfuric acid (H2SO4). It ... dissolves in molten (melted) metals.
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