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Bones: Tissue
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Bony tissue is classified as either spongy (trabecular, cancellous) or compact bone, depending on the relative proportions of mineralized and soft tissue; most bones contain both spongy and compact regions. Compact bone and the larger trabeculae of spongy bone contain lamellae. In compact bone... the predominant structural unit is the osteon, or Haversian system. In the osteon, lamellae are arranged as concentric cylinders surrounding a central Haversian canal. This canal contains nerves, connective tissue and blood vessels. The long axis of an osteon is approximately parallel to the major axis of stress, usually the long axis of the bone.
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The point where two or more bones come together is called a joint, or articulation. Different kinds of joints enable different ranges of motion. Some joints barely move, such as those between the interlocking bones of the skull. Other bones, held together by tough connective tissues called ligaments, form joints such as the hinge joint in the elbow, which permits movement in only one direction. The pivot joint between the first and second vertebrae allows the head to turn from side to side.
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It would allow the surgeon, guided by miniature cameras and scopes, to insert metal plates and screws to secure the bones in the correct position without compromising the surrounding delicate soft tissues. Healthy blood flow is important for bone healing. A few, small incisions would disrupt fewer veins and arteries. But Ford points out that every patient's injury or condition is different, so in some cases a larger incision can make repairing a complicated injury easier.
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The hard outer layer of bones is composed of compact bone tissue, so-called due to its minimal gaps and spaces. This tissue gives bones their smooth, white, and solid appearance, and accounts for 80% of the total bone mass of an adult skeleton. Compact bone may ... be referred to as dense bone or cortical bone.
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In contrast to cancers which have spread to the bone, true bone cancers are tumors that arise from the tissues of the bones. These cancers, called primary bone cancers, are quite rare in comparison to cancers that have spread to the bones.
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