LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Bolshevik: Bolsheviks
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Bolshevik agitators in the Russian army tried especially hard to get the army's best soldiers, the Latvian Riflemen, to back their cause. This largely succeeded, mainly because the Riflemen were still angry that the incompetent tsarist military leadership had left them to their fate during the Christmas battles of 1916, costing many Latvian lives. Also, many Riflemen were sons of landless agrarian workers who believed the Bolsheviks' promises to carry out radical land reform when they came to power. The Baltic barons' great estates would be divided, giving land "to those who work the land." In the wake of the events of 1905, there were many Marxist sympathizers among the Riflemen, who thought that Bolshevik demagoguery represented the "highest and purest form" of this teaching. In addition, these young Latvians were patriots from a small country, who at the same time were internationalists to a considerable degree, well acclimatized to living in the vast stretches of Russia and meeting people of different nationalities both in everyday life and in the trenches.
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Bolshevik authorities at first reported that the Romanov emperor had been shot after the discovery of a plot to liberate him. For some time the deaths of the Empress and the children were kept secret. Soviet historians claimed for many years that local Bolsheviks had acted on their own in carrying out the killings, and that Lenin, founder of the Soviet state, had nothing to do with the crime.
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Vladimir Lenin welcomed these developments and it became clear to Alexander Kerensky that the Bolshevik posed a real threat to his government. On 19th July, Kerensky gave orders for the arrest of Lenin as well as Gregory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Anatoli Lunacharsky, and Alexandra Kollontai. The Bolshevik headquarters at the Kshesinsky Palace, was ... occupied by government troops.
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In St. Petersburg members of the Bolshevik movement stormed the Winter Palace with support from disgruntled soldiers and sailors. The seat of power fell with amazing speed. The Bolsheviks quickly consolidated their successes in St. Petersburg and soon had secured Moscow and many other important seats of regional power.
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The idea of planning, with its promise of "economic rationality," agitated every Bolshevik's imagination. All were agreed on its virtues and desirability, few on its meaning or implementation. A single industrial plan was the Left's great cause, so compelling that it united the several different tendencies within the opposition. Partly for this reason, and partly in reaction to the centralizing excesses which had passed for planning during war communism, Bukharin's remarks on the subject were frequently negative between 1924 and 1926.
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In response to massive losses in the provincial soviet elections during the spring and summer of 1918, Bolshevik armed force usually overthrew the results and repressed the subsequent working class protest. In Petrograd and Moscow, the Bolsheviks gerrymandered the soviets making the elections irrelevant as a their victory was assured by the packing of the soviet with organisations in which they had overwhelming strength. They even gerrymandered the fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets to ensure their power, so provoking the Left-SR revolt of early July 1918.
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