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Bolshevik: Bolsheviks
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The Bolshevik Revolution is a combination of several events that led up to the October Revolution (1917). It is nessicary to look at how the Bolsheviks were able to gain control and then rule for - years before falling in 1991.
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It was upon this basis that the Bolshevik revolution was made. But increasingly, the problems raised by the necessity of a 'transition period' before communist forms of apparatus and control could be introduced and the perspectives raised by 'holding out until the coming of the world proletarian revolution' as Trotsky expressed it in 1918, replaced the impetus of the revolutionary upsurge of 1917.
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The Bolshevik aim was to replace religion with materialistic atheism. In October 1917, they issued a decree abolishing private ownership of all landed estates and transferred all church property to the people. At this time, the Roman Catholic Church of Russia had on deposit with the Ecclesiastical College of the regime a total of 11,381,009 rubles, which was seized by the Soviet government. These funds had been accumulated over centuries in the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth and in more than a century and a half of the Czarist Empire. The loss of these funds was a financial disaster to the Church. <4>
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In the night of July 16-17, 1918, a squad of Bolshevik secret police murdered Russia's last emperor, Tsar Nicholas II, along with his wife, Tsaritsa Alexandra, their 14-year-old son, Tsarevich Alexis, and their four daughters. They were cut down in a hail of gunfire in a half-cellar room of the Ipatiev house in Ekaterinburg, a city in the Ural mountain region, where they were being held prisoner. The daughters were finished off with bayonets. To prevent a cult for the dead Tsar, the bodies were carted away to the countryside and hastily buried in a secret grave. [Image: Tsar Nicholas, infant Olga, Tsaritsa Alexandra.]
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For the next 4 years the Bolshevik movement struggled to take control of the entire country as their opponents, known as the White's, fought a bitter Civil War for control of the nation. The Bolshevik, Red, army, was successful in defeating their opponents. The Civil War ended in the early 1920's, with the Bolsheviks having now taken a firm grip on Russia (now named the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). This being achieved despite Allied attempts to support the opponents of the Bolsheviks (British troops were sent to Archangel to fight alongside the White Army).
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Small groups of Bolshevik troops moved out of their barracks in the early hours of Wednesday, October 25th. They were visibly relieved at the general lack of resistance. They took the Neva bridges, the main telegraph office, the post offices, the railroad stations, the Central Bank and the power stations. No shots were fired. The troops simply surrounded the office and forced those inside into submission. There was little evidence of retaliation.
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