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Bolivia: Governments
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The territory now known as Bolivia was called "Upper Peru" and was under the authority of the Viceroy of Lima. Local government came from the Audiencia de Charcas located in Chuquisaca (La Plata — modern Sucre). Bolivian silver mines produced much of the Spanish empire's wealth. A steady stream of natives served as labor force (the Spanish employed the pre-Columbian draft system called the mita).[1] As Spanish royal authority weakened during the Napoleonic wars, sentiment against colonial rule grew.
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Cochabamba is a town of 800,000 situated high in the Andes Mountains of Bolivia. Two years ago, a popular protest there turned into a deadly riot. The army battled civilians in the streets on and off for three months, hundreds were arrested, a seventeen year-old boy was shot and killed, the government of Bolivia nearly collapsed. The issue was water.
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During its years in power, the MNR provided Bolivia with the most stable and open government in the country's history. The press was free to criticize the government and did so energetically. Government changes in 1956 and 1960 were the results of elections, although there were frequent crises and many coup d'état attempts to oust the MNR.
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The U.S. Government is supporting an ambitious program to combat child labor in Bolivia. The program is sponsored by both the U.S. and Bolivian Governments and is supported by the Bolivian Human Rights Ombudsman. The U.S. Department of Labor will fund the initiative with $3.3 million during the current fiscal year.
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Police stand guard outside of congress to keep back demonstrators on June 1, 2005 in La Paz, Bolivia. Thousands of demonstrators have converged on La Paz to demand the resignation of President Carlos Mesa and to force the government to nationalize Bolivia's gas reserves.
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