LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Bohemia
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In 1611 the peace of Bohemia was again disturbed by the invasion of the archduke Leopold of Austria, bishop of Passau, who probably acted in connivance with his cousin King Rudolph. Leopold succeeded in obtaining possession of part of the town of Prague, but his army was defeated by the troops which the Bohemian estates had hurriedly raised, and he was obliged to leave Bohemia. Matthias considered his hereditary rights menaced by the raid of Leopold and again occupied Bohemia. Mainly at his instigation the estates now formally deposed Rudolph, who survived his dethronement only a few months, and died on the 20th of January 1612. Though Matthias had allied himself with the Bohemian Protestants during his prolonged struggle against his brother, he now adopted that policy favourable to the Church of Rome which is traditional of the Habsburg dynasty. His relations with the Bohemian Protestants, therefore, soon became strained.
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The history of Bohemia is often said to start in 175 EC, when emperor Marcus Aurelius conquered Boiohaemia and incorporated it for more than 100 years into Roman Empire. Then, the rise came with Slavs, who mixed with some lasting Celts (Boii were reported to live in nothern Bohemia till 12th cc) and Germanic tribes. They errected first independent states on a territory of Bohemia: Empire of Samo in 7th cc and Great Moravia in 9th cc.
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In 1575 Maximilian, who had long been absent from Bohemia, returned there, as the estates refused to grant subsidies to an absentee monarch. The sittings of the diet that met in 1575 were very prolonged. The king maintained a vacillating attitude, influenced now by the threats of the Bohemians, now by the advice of the papal nuncio, who had followed him to Prague. The latter strongly represented to him how great would be the difficulties that he would encounter in his other dominions, should he make concessions to the Protestants of Bohemia. The principal demand of the Bohemians was that the " Con fession of Augsburg " - a summary of Luther's teaching - should be recognized in Bohemia. They further g Y renewed the demand, which they had already expressed at the diet of 1567, that the estates should have the right of appointing the members of the consistory - the ecclesiastical body which ruled the Utraquist church; for since the death of John of Rokycan that church had had no archbishop.
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The monarchs that ruled over Poland-Lithuania, Bohemia, and Hungary in the 15th and 16th centuries were members of the Jagiellon family. They took their name from Jagiello, the grand duke of Lithuania, who became king of Poland in 1386 with the name Wladyslaw II Jagiello.
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Bohemia enjoyed religious freedom between 1436 and 1620, and became one of the most liberal countries of the Christian world during that period of time. In 1609, Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II who made Prague again the capital of the Empire at the time, himself a Roman Catholic, was moved by the Bohemian nobility to publish Maiestas Rudolphina, which confirmed the older Confessio Bohemica of 1575.
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Bohemia looks up to artists such as Jagjeet Singh and the late Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. His music has created a big impact on the streets of America and he has a large underground following and is widely recognized as the pioneer of Desi Hip Hop.
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