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Bohemia: Czechs
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The Thirty Years War laid Bohemia waste; after the Peace of Westphalia (1648), forcible Germanization, oppressive taxation, and absentee landownership reduced the Czechs, except a few favored magnates, to misery. The suppression (1749) of the separate chancellery at Prague by Maria Theresa and the introduction of German as the sole official language completed the process. Joseph II freed the serfs and permitted freedom of worship, but he incurred the hatred of the Czechs by his rigorous policy of Germanization. Leopold II tried to conciliate the Czechs; he was the last ruler to be crowned king of Bohemia (1791). During the later 18th cent. the foundations of industrialization were laid in Bohemia, but the German population fared better than the mostly peasant Czechs.
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Education is well advanced, and Bohemia has the lowest proportion of illiterates amongst the Austrian provinces. At the head of the educational establishments stand the two universities at Prague, one German and the other Czech.
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Korowatt said it opened the largest solar power station in the Czech Republic and eastern Europe in Busanovice, southern Bohemia, today. The facility with a maximum planned output of 600 kilowatts can supply energy to 172 households. Construction costs amounted to CZK 85 million, of which nearly CZK 30 million came from the Industry and Trade Ministry. The power station was connected to the distribution network today, with permanent operation to be launched on February 1.
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The Czech constitution from 1992 refers to the "citizens of the Czech Republic in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia" and proclaims continuity with the statehood of the Bohemian Crown. Bohemia is not currently an administrative unit of the Czech Republic. Instead, it is divided into the Prague, Central Bohemian, Plzeň, Karlovy Vary, Ústí nad Labem, Liberec, and Hradec Králové Regions, as well as parts of the Pardubice, Vysočina, South Bohemian and South Moravian Regions.
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Most of the people of the Czech Republic live in mountain-rimmed Bohemia. This historic province forms the western end of the country. Rich in minerals and farmlands, it is ... a great manufacturing region. The chief city of Bohemia is Prague, the capital and by far the largest metropolis of the Czech Republic (see Prague).
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