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Bertrand Russell: United Nations
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While visiting China in 1920, Russell fell ill and was treated by John Dewey. Dewey was moved by a statement that Russell made while he was delirious-"We must make a plan for peace."3 In 1922 Russell was intending to go to a Congress in Italy, but Mussolini informed the organizers of the Congress that, while no harm was to be done to Russell, any Italian who spoke to him was to be assassinated. Naturally Russell decided to avoid the country he felt Mussolini was defiling. In 1923 Russell prophesied that without a world government it would be impossible to preserve civilization for another century. He declared the fundamental principle that the rights of a nation against humanity are no more absolute than the rights of an individual against the community. In 1931 Russell applauded Einstein's statement recommending that pacifists refuse military service.
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As a young man, Russell was a member of the Liberal Party and wrote in favor of free trade and women's suffrage. In his 1910 pamphlet, Anti-Suffragist Anxieties, Russell wrote that some men opposed suffrage because they "fear that their liberty to act in ways that are injurious to women will be curtailed." In 1907 he was nominated by the National Union of Suffrage Societies to run for Parliament in a by-election, which he lost by a wide margin.
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During 1903-04, Russell engaged himself in political campaigns, notably those in favor of free trade and during 1906-10, he took in political campaigns in favor of women’s suffrage. He fought for women’s right to vote in political elections. He ran as the candidate for the national union of women’s suffrage societies in the Wimbledon by-election. Russell ran unsuccessfully for Parliament, in 1907, 1922, and 1923.
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