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Benito Mussolini: Socialist Party
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Benito Mussolini was born in Varano dei Costa, near the village of Dovia di Predappio in the Romagna region. He was the eldest son of Alessandro, a blacksmith with strong socialist convictions and of Rosa Maltoni, an elementary school teacher and devout catholic. He was given the name "Benito" in honour of the Mexican national hero Benito Juárez.
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Mussolini was born in Dovia di Predappio, Italy, on July 29, 1883. He was named Benito for the Mexican revolutionary Juarez. A restless, disobedient child, he grew up a bully. He became a Socialist in his teens and worked, often as a schoolmaster, to spread the party doctrine. The newspaper he founded, La Lotta di Classe (The Class Struggle), won such recognition that in 1912 he was made editor of Avanti! (Forward!), the official Socialist daily published in Milan.
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Mussolini became a member of the Socialist party in 1900, and his politics, like his culture, were exquisitely bohemian. He crossed anarchism with syndicalism, matched Peter Kropotkin and Louis Blanqui with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. More Nietzschean than Marxist, Mussolini's socialism was sui generis, a concoction created entirely by himself. In Socialist circles, nonetheless, he first attracted attention, then applause, and soon widespread admiration. He "specialized" in attacking clericalism, militarism, and reformism. Mussolini urged revolution at any cost.
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Italy entered the war in May 1915, and Mussolini enlisted. In 1917 he was seriously wounded and hospitalized, emerging from the war the most popular of the pro-war socialists, a leader without a movement. Post-war Italy was hag-ridden by civil strife and political violence. Sensing a revolutionary situation in the wake of Russia's Bolshevik coup, the left organized strikes, factory occupations, riots, and political killings. Socialists often beat up and sometimes killed soldiers returning home, just because they had fought in the war. Assaulting political opponents and wrecking their property became an everyday occurrence.
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Mussolini went south to the Po Valley. Here he helped the farmers in their efforts to get a better wage. He became the secretary of the local socialist party in Forli and became the editor of the socialist newspaper "The Class Struggle" (La Lotta di Classe).
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Mussolini moves to Trieste where he publishes a newspaper for workers. Only a few month after his arrival, he is deported by the Austrian-Hungarian authorities. He moves to Forlì (Emilia Romagna), where he publishes his own socialist newspaper;
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