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Benito Mussolini: Imperial Germany
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Mussolini won some foreign policy successes. He appointed his son-in-law Ciano as foreign minister. Mussolini therefore took a deep interest in foreign policy and spent a great deal of time over this. Early successes such as securing the city of Fiume for Italy and getting compensation from Greece for the death of an Italian soldier in a border incident reflected positively on Mussolini. Although he used phrases like, A Minute on the battlefield is worth a lifetime of peace [6] or it is better to live one day as a lion than a lifetime as a lamb [7] Mussolini still wanted to be seen as a man of peace. In 1925 he signed the Lacarno pact, which recognized Germany’s borders.
On June 10, 1940, as the Germans under General Guderian reached the English Channel, Mussolini declared war on Britain and France. In October, Italy attacked Greece and lost in result 1/3 of Albania, until Germany attacked Greece as well. In June 1941, he declared war on the Soviet Union and in December he declared war on the United States.
On June 10, 1940, Mussolini finally declared war on Britain and France. Italian forces on the French border were able to make limited gains with a battle in southern France facing the fortified Alpine Line before France surrendered to Germany. The Italians lost 1,247 dead or missing in this brief campaign, French fatalities were over 200 men.[17]
Adopting an aggressive foreign policy, Mussolini defied the League of Nations and conquered Ethiopia (1935–36). This won him acclaim in almost every sector of the populace. Il Duce’s popularity declined... after he sent troops to help Gen. Francisco Franco in the Spanish civil war (1936–39), linked Italy to Nazi Germany, enacted anti-Jewish laws, and invaded Albania (1939).
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In 1945, Mussolini was trying to get to Germany aboard a convoy. A bump came in the road... when a peasant roadblock stopped them. Upon realising Mussolini was aboard, they took him and his lover, Clara Petacci with them.
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In 1939 Italy invaded Albania and soon afterwards Mussolini signed a full defensive alliance with Nazi Germany (the Pact of Steel). However, Mussolini did not declare war on Britain and France until 10th June 1940.
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