LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Benazir Bhutto: Countries
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Bhutto: Extremist and fundamentalist political parties have never been able to score any significant political victories in countries like Pakistan. In fact, if the past record is any guide, it is clear that the extremist parties were never voted into power or even brought close to it by the people. The extremists rose under the dictatorship of General Zia ul-Haq in Pakistan. The religious parties [Muttahhida Majlis-e-Amal] formed a government for the first time [in North West Frontier Province] under General Musharraf's dictatorship.
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Bhutto's first political position was as an advisor to her father in 1976, though she had initially requested joining the Foreign Service (3). After a matter of mere days, the military took over the government, and her father was arrested and proceeded to be hung in 1979 by General Zia Ul Haq (4). After several imprisonments and being detained for three years, Bhutto finally left the country in 1984, after which she went into exile in England. Her younger brother Shah Nawaz, who helped to found an "underground organization" to resist the dictatorship, died later that year in Paris; on attending his funeral in Pakistan, Bhutto was again arrested for participating in anti-government rallies.
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In 1977 Zulfikar Bhutto was arrested and his government was taken over by General Zia ul-Haq (1924–1988), who declared martial law (the exercise of control by military officials over an area). Although many questioned the verdict, Benazir Bhutto's father was found guilty of plotting to kill a political opponent and was hanged in 1979. Bhutto decided to work to restore democracy to her country, although she and her mother were often arrested. She traveled widely, criticizing the Zia government for its violations of civil and human rights. Bhutto urged her supporters to avoid violence, preferring to gain power through the political process.
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While prime minister, Ms. Bhutto made hunger and health care top priorities. She ... is credited with bringing electricity to rural areas and led efforts to build schools across the country. But allegations of corruption tainted her time in office, and in 1990 her government was dismissed. Three years later she won re-election as prime minister only to again be forced out amid similar corruption scandals in 1996.
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Despite the fact that Bhutto remained in exile from Pakistan, in autumn 2001 she traveled to India to campaign for a return to politics in her home country. At the time she planned to enter the race for prime minister of Pakistan in the October 2002 elections. In spring 2002, Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf (1943–) stated that Benazir Bhutto would not be allowed to become a candidate in the elections.
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The movement for democracy in Pakistan, as the senior analyst for the Real News Network Aijaz Ahmad points out, did not begin with Benazir Bhutto nor will end with her demise. Maintaining a social status quo of extreme wealth disparity, political marginalization of the population at large, and subservience to imperialism has been the primary motivation for the military and elite politicians to be "partners in crime" rather than any serious antagonists of each other. The wave of anti-dictatorship protests and real calls for participatory democracy that were sweeping the country from the late spring of 2007 essentially were contained and channeled into safer directions by the main national political parties, rather than allowed to spread and present a real challenge to the system.
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