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Bauhaus: Arts
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Though their career was over in a mere four years, Bauhaus are the acknowledged godfathers of gothic rock, following the art movement for which they were named in seeking to use minimalism as a powerful mood-setting tool. Combining guitars and electronics into a bleak backdrop for Peter Murphy's angst-driven vocals, Bauhaus ignited what was already a volatile mix by throwing dark, energetic theatrics into the pot.
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The basic idea of the Bauhaus teaching concept was the unity of artistic and practical tuition. Every student had to complete a compulsory preliminary course, after which he or she had to enter a workshop of his or her choice. There were several types of workshops available: metal, wood sculpture, glass painting, weaving, pottery, furniture, cabinet making, three-dimensional work, typography, wall painting, and some others.
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The intention with Bauhaus was to develop creative minds for architecture and industry and influence students so that they would be able to produce artistically, technically and practically balanced utensils. The institute included workshops for making models of type houses, different kinds of utensils, and departments of advertising art, stage planning, photography, and typography. The neoplastic and constructive movements of art steered the form lines of the Bauhaus. Teachers such as Kandinsky and Klee were masters of modern art. The Bauhaus idealogy was spread by periodicals and a notable book series called Bauhausb¸cher.
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The Bauhaus was out to change the world, but Josef Albers and László Moholy-Nagy settled for teaching art in America. They did it with a reformer's zeal anyhow—and an insistence that, when it came to the twentieth century, America had a lot to learn. Now the Whitney takes them from their Bauhaus years in Germany, in the 1920s, to their adopted nation. Ironically, they as much as their students come off as the slow learners.
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The Bauhaus combined elements of both fine arts and design education. The curriculum commenced with a preliminary course that immersed the students, who came from a diverse range of social and educational backgrounds, in the study of materials, color theory, and formal relationships in preparation for more specialized studies. This preliminary course was often taught by visual artists, including Paul Klee (1987.455.16), Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944), and Josef Albers (59.160), among others.
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The foundation of Bauhaus occurred at a time of crisis and turmoil in Europe as a whole and particularly in Germany. Its establishment resulted from a confluence of a diverse set of political, social, educational and artistic development in the first two decades of the twentieth century.
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