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Baruch Spinoza: Works
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Spinoza wrote in the rationalist style of a geometric proof to develop his idea that God is a permanent, indwelling cause of all things. He sees God as a single, unified, all-inclusive causal system that is virtually synonymous with nature. Spinoza believed that the Biblical account of creation is demonstrably false; that there is no such thing as a free will, either for God or man; all things are necessary and inevitable; and all objects, including humans are part of God's active self-expression. Spinoza saw the presence of God in the constant and orderly working of nature.
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Spinoza is acknowledged in all philosophical traditions as a great thinker, yet his work is seldom studied. Here is a paradox that, like his doctrines, is explicable on several levels, each giving rise to further paradoxes. Small wonder that those who think the beautiful theory is the simple one shun him.
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Leo Strauss began his philosophical career with a critical essay on Hermann Cohen's interpretation of Spinoza's Theological-Political Treatise ("Cohen's Analysis of Spinoza's Bible Science")[18]. The article appeared in the May/June 1924 issue of the Jewish periodical Der Jude, edited by Martin Buber, and attracted the attention of Julius Guttmann, the director of the Academy for the Science of Judaism (Akademie für die Wissenschaft des Judentums). On Guttmann's initiative, the Academy offered Strauss a research fellowship, which he accepted, and he was subsequently employed by the Academy to finish his monograph on Spinoza[19] and to work on the Mendelssohn Jubiläumsausgabe.[20]
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Prominent Cambridge philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein ... recognized Spinoza's importance. At the suggestion of G. E. Moore, Wittgenstein's first definitive philosophical work was entitled,Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. This was an allusion to Spinoza's Tractatus Theologico-Politicus. Both texts erect complex philosophical arguments starting from basic logical assertions and principles.
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Though Spinoza was already dead, Locke met in Amsterdam men who almost certainly spoke of Spinoza. Locke's library not only included all of Spinoza's important works, but ... works in which Spinoza had been discussed and condemned.
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Albert Einstein said that Spinoza was the philosopher who had most influenced his worldview ( Weltanschauung ). Spinoza equated God (infinite substance) with Nature, and Einstein, too, believed in an impersonal deity. His desire to understand Nature through physics can be seen as contemplation of God. Arne Næss , the father of the deep ecology movement, acknowledged drawing much inspiration from the works of Spinoza.
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