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Baruch Spinoza: Philosophers
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Baruch Spinoza (November 24, 1632 – February 21, 1677) was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese Jewish origin. He is considered to be one of the great Rationalist philosophers of the 17th century. Other famous rationalists include Gottfried Leibniz and René Descartes.
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At first Spinoza was reviled as an atheist - and certainly, his God is not the conventional Judo-Christian God. The philosophers of the enlightenment ridiculed his methods - not without some grounds. The romantics, attracted by his identification of God with Nature, rescued him from oblivion.
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This article focuses on two books "The Philosophy of Spinoza. Unfolding the Latent Process of His Reasoning," written by Harry Austryn Wolfson and "Spinoza and Buddha. Visions of a Dead God," written by S.M. Melamed. Wolfson's interpretation of philosopher Baruch Spinoza is that of a student of medieval Jewish philosophy. According to him, Spinoza did not contribute anything essentially new to the intellectual heritage of the West.
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Spinoza came into contact with free-thinking' Protestants - dissenters from the dominant Calvinism – who maintained a lively interest in a wide range of theological issues, as well as in the latest developments in philosophy and science. This naturally included Cartesian philosophy. At the same time, Spinoza continued to study Jewish philosophers and religious thinkers such as Maimonides.
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In opposition to what he saw as a tendency on the part of previous philosophers to treat humans as exceptions to the natural order, Spinoza proposes to treat them as subject to the same laws and causal determinants as everything else. What emerges can best be described as a mechanistic theory of the affects.
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