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Baruch Spinoza: Hague
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In 1661, Spinoza moved to Rijnsburg and a few years later he moved to Voorburg. From there he moved to The Hague. Soon after moving to the Hague, he was offered a Chair in Philosophy at the University of Heidelberg. Spinoza declined the offer. He was afraid it might compromise his freedom of thought and speech. At this time, Baruch Spinoza was well known and was well respected for his work.
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In 1670, Spinoza moved to The Hague, where he remained for the last seven years of his life. Besides the clamor against his Theological-Political Treatise, he was affected by a political revolution that ended in the murder of the First Staadholder ("Grand Pensionary") of Holland, Jan De Witt and his brother, Cornelius, by an angry mob of Orangist-Calvinists. Spinoza admired De Witt, who was a liberal, and was appalled by the murder. With the ascent of the monarchist, Orangist-Calvinist faction, he felt his own situation to be uncertain.
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Spinoza refused all rewards and honours, and gave away to his sister his share of his father's inheritance - keeping only a bedstead for himself. He earned his living as a humble lens-grinder. He died [at the Hague] in February 1677 of consumption, probably aggravated by fine glass dust inhaled at his workbench.
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This reception somewhat alarmed Spinoza, who, hearing in the following year (1671) that a Dutch translation was contemplated, urged his friends to prevent its appearance. Spinoza's reputation as a thinker... had by this time been fully established by his two published works, and he was consulted both personally and by letter by many important scientific men of the day, including Oldenburg, secretary of the Royal Society, London; Huygens, the optician; Louis Meyer, the physician; and Count von Tschirnhausen, afterward the discoverer of a new method of obtaining phosphorus and the rediscoverer of the method of producing procelain. Through von Tschirnhausen, Spinoza came into correspondence with Leibnitz, then (1672) in Paris. He appears to have had some suspicions of Leibnitz's trustworthiness, and it was not till four years later, when the brilliant young diplomat visited him at The Hague, that Spinoza exposed his full mind to Leibnitz and produced that epoch-making effect upon the latter which dominated European thought in the eighteenth century.
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