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Bahrain: Government
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After the 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran, Bahraini Shī'a fundamentalists in 1981 orchestrated a failed coup attempt under the auspices of a front organization, the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain. The coup would have installed a Shī'a cleric exiled in Iran, Hujjatu l-Islām Hādī al-Mudarrisī, as supreme leader heading a theocratic government. [11]
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Bahrain is a hereditary constitutional monarchy, with the Al-Khalifas as the ruling family. The executive branch is composed of the head of state, the head of government, and the cabinet. King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa is the chief executive and head of state; he ascended to the throne in 1999 on the death of his father.
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Human rights conditions in Bahrain worsened in 2007. Although the king, Shaikh Hamad bin `Isa al-Khalifa, undertook important reforms in 2001-2002, the government still has done little to institutionalize human rights protections in law. The government continued to subject freedom of expression, assembly, and association to arbitrary restrictions.
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Bahrain's simple average tariff rate was 4.6 percent in 2005. There are few non-tariff barriers, but a limited number of products are subject to import and export prohibitions and licenses, enforcement of intellectual property rights remains a concern, and the government uses price controls and subsidies to manage inflation and promote domestic supplies. An additional 10 percentage points is deducted from Bahrain's trade freedom score to account for non-tariff barriers.
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