LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Bacteria: Environments
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Bacteria have an extremely wide distribution. They are found from pole to pole. They have been isolated from the icy wastes of the Arctic and the Antarctic, and are found in the waters of hot springs, and near volcanoes on the ocean bed. The diversity of habitats in which bacteria may be found is staggering. It reflects the variety of energy supplies that bacteria can utilize, and ... the success with which bacteria have evolved to exploit their environments.
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Bacteria are ... classified based on the requirement of oxygen for their survival. Bacteria those need oxygen for their survival are called Aerobic bacteria and bacteria those do not require oxygen for survival. Anaerobic bacteria cannot bear oxygen and may die if kept in oxygenated environment (anaerobic bacteria are found in places like under the surface of earth, deep ocean, and bacteria which live in some medium).
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When a population of bacteria first enter a high-nutrient environment that allows growth, the cells need to adapt to their new environment. The first phase of growth is the lag phase, a period of slow growth when the cells are adapting to the high-nutrient environment and preparing for fast growth. The lag phase has high biosynthesis rates, as proteins necessary for rapid growth are produced.[91] The second phase of growth is the logarithmic phase (log phase)... known as the exponential phase. The log phase is marked by rapid exponential growth. The rate at which cells grow during this phase is known as the growth rate (k), and the time it takes the cells to double is known as the generation time (g). During log phase, nutrients are metabolised at maximum speed until one of the nutrients is depleted and starts limiting growth.
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