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Austria: Roman Empire
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Austria could be the perfect destination for your honeymoon or a romantic getaway with the route dubbed “Romantic Road” from Vienna toi Salzburg, through the Salzkammergut Lake District and the foot of the Austrian Alps. Along the route, you can find excellent Venere.com hotels in Wels along the river Donau.
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After being conquered by the Romans, Huns, Lombards, Ostrogoths, Bavarii and Franks, Austria was under the rule of the Babenbergs from the 10th to the 13th century. The Babenbergs were then succeeded by the Habsburgs, whose line continued to govern Austria until the 20th century.
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With the end of the counter-revolution and the gradual settling of religious wars between Catholic-Imperial and Protestant-Federalist forces, the situation for non-Catholic people in Austria gradually improved. The spreading ideas of enlightenment helped to secure basic rights for Jews. The “Toleranzpatente” of Emperor Joseph II in the 1780s was the first official guarantee of basic religious freedom. By then, the segregated Jewish districts of the Habsburg Empire (called “ghettos”) hosted 1.5 million Jews. The “Toleranzpatente” was mostly issued for the sake of Protestants and Greek-Orthodox Christians (about one third of the Empire's population), but Jews were ... admitted to public schools (compulsory education was introduced by Empress Maria Theresia, Joseph’s mother), universities, the military and all crafts and agriculture.
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Shocked and humiliated by Austria's defeat, Francis Joseph compromised with the Magyars in Hungary to shore up his empire and save the Habsburg monarchy. First, Francis Joseph consolidated the monarchy's power in the German states that were part of the empire. Then, in exchange for Hungarian support of the monarchy, he agreed to surrender his control of Hungarian internal affairs, including his protection of the non-Magyar peoples. This was a key point in obtaining Magyar cooperation. This agreement was the basis of the compromise of 1867, which divided the old Austrian Empire into two parts, Austria and the kingdom of Hungary. The Habsburg monarch would be both the king of Hungary and the emperor of Austria.
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At the end of the twentieth century, about 74% of Austria's population were registered as Roman Catholic, while about 5% considered themselves Protestants. Both these numbers have been in decline for decades, especially Roman Catholicism, which has suffered an increasing number of seceders from the church. Austrian Catholics are obliged to pay a mandatory tax (calculated by income —about 1%) to the Austrian Roman Catholic Church, which might (have) act (ed) as an incentive to leave the church.
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With the “Ausgleich” between Austria and Hungary in 1867, Jews finally gained full citizen rights. Vienna was now the city in the Habsburg Empire with the largest Jewish community (40,000 or 6,6 percent). Most of the Viennese Jews were of Bohemian, Moravian and Hungarian origin, while others were from the poor area of Galicia. Jewish communities in other parts of the Empire developed, even in cities that have not had any Jews for a long time, such as Salzburg (part of Austria since 1816).
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