LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Audio Signal Processing: Sound
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This research focuses on biologically inspired audio signal processing using programmable analog circuitry. This research is inspired by the biology of the human cochlea since biology far outperforms any engineered system at converting audio signals into meaningful electrical signals. The human cochlea efficiently decomposes any sound into the respective frequency components by harnessing the resonance nature of the basilar membrane, essentially forming a bank of bandpass filters. In a similar fashion, this work revolves around developing a filter bank composed of continuous-time, low-power, analog bandpass filters that serve as the core front end to this silicon audio-processing system. Like biology, the individual bandpass filters are tuned to have narrow bandwidths, moderate amounts of resonance, and exponentially spaced center frequencies. This audio front end serves to efficiently convert incoming sounds into information useful to subsequent signal-processing elements, and it does so by performing a frequency decomposition of the waveform with extremely low-power consumption and real-time operation.
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The object of this research is the development of a biologically inspired audio signal-processing system using programmable analog circuitry. The human cochlea efficiently decomposes any sound into its respective frequency components by harnessing the resonant nature of the basilar membrane, essentially forming a bank of bandpass filters. In a similar fashion, this research consists of developing a filterbank composed of continuous-time, low-power, analog bandpass filters that will serve as the core front end to this silicon audio processing system. Like biology, the individual bandpass filters will be tuned to have narrow bandwidths, moderate amounts of resonance, and exponentially spaced center frequencies. In order to overcome mismatch and offsets inherent in CMOS processes, floating-gate transistors will be used to precisely tune the time constants in the filters and to allow programmability of analog components.
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The Flashback's audio system consists of the revolutionary Bongiovi Acoustics KD-S100 car audio system manufactured by JVC Mobile Entertainment which contains the patented Digital Power Station audio signal processing technology. The Bongiovi Acoustics head unit is custom tuned to optimize the performance of Rockford-Fosgate components and amplifiers. "This sound system is amazing - I guarantee that no other Mustang sounds even close to this," says Huisman.
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Audio signal processing, sometimes referred shortly to as audio processing or just audio, is the processing of some representation of auditory signals, that is sound. The representation can be digital or analog. An analog representation is usually electrical where the voltage level implies the pressure level (that is, the sound). Similarly, a digital representation expresses the pressure wave-form in a binary sequence.
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Crossovers are a form of signal processing that is necessary to save your speakers. A band pass/band stop filter system will prevent highs that cannot be reproduced from reaching subs. They will ... prevent low frequencies that can rip apart a tweeter from ever reaching anything but a sub or midrange. This level of signal processing is necessary for more efficient use of your amplifiers. What good is an amp's work in sending signals to a speaker to which it can only do harm and will produce no sound? It's simply wasted energy from the amp. A good set of crossovers are needed to distribute the frequency spectrum correctly across your car stereo system.
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The main applications of DSP are audio signal processing, audio compression, digital image processing, video compression, speech processing, speech recognition and digital communications. Specific examples are speech compression and transmission in digital mobile phones, equalisation of sound in Hifi equipment, weather forecasting, economic forecasting, seismic data processing, analysis and control of industrial processes, computer-generated animations in movies, medical imaging such as CAT scans and MRI, image manipulation, and digital effects for use with electric guitar amplifiers. A further application is very low frequency (VLF) reception with a PC soundcard [1].
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