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Asthma: United States
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Asthma is one of the most serious chronic diseases in the United States. It is estimated that 20 million Americans have asthma, and despite the availability of treatments, it remains poorly controlled. The annual direct healthcare cost of asthma is approximately $10 billion; indirect costs (e.g., lost productivity) account for another $8 billion, for a total of $18 billion.
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Asthma is a common disorder that accounts for almost 2 million ED visits each year in the United States. On average, this represents approximately 2% of all ED visits. In urban centers... acute asthma may comprise up to 10% of all ED visits.
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The instruments, attached to the backpacks of children with asthma, allowed researchers at New York University to measure the pollution the children were exposed to, morning to night. The South Bronx is home to miles of expressways, more than a dozen waste-transfer stations, a sewage-treatment plant and truck traffic from some of the busiest wholesale produce, meat and fish markets in the world. It is ... home to some of the highest asthma hospitalization rates for children in the city. The N.Y.U. study found that the students were exposed to high levels of air pollutants in their neighborhoods and that children in the South Bronx were twice as likely to attend a school near a highway as were children in other parts of the city. The children, who were volunteers ages 10 to 12, each took part in the study for a month.
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