LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Arthritis: Swelling
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Arthritis (about.com) Formerly the Mining Company Guide to Arthritis, this well organized and nicely presented site features news, net links, features, bulletin boards, chat, and more. Beware of possible conflicts of interest with health- and drug-related advertisors and sponsors.
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Arthritis dates back to prehistoric times and is seen all through the ages in the joints of the skeleton remains. Most of you will have problems with your joints and it may be arthritis.
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The exact cause of arthritis is not fully understood. Multiple factors (heredity, trauma, diet, and obesity) interact to cause this disorder. Any event that changes the environment of the chondrocyte (the cells involved in making cartilage) has the potential to cause osteoarthritis. Although usually occurring as a primary disorder, osteoarthritis can occur secondary to other processes. The cause of arthritis involves a combination of mechanical, cellular, and biochemical processes. The interaction of these processes leads to changes in the composition and mechanical properties of the articular cartilage.
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Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. This condition usually comes with age and most often affects the fingers, knees, and hips. Sometimes osteoarthritis follows an injury to a joint. For example, a young person might hurt his knee badly playing soccer. Or someone might fall or be injured in a car accident. Then, years after the individual’s knee has apparently healed, he might get arthritis in his knee joint.
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In June 2004, the Company reported that in preclinical studies, rAAV-rat TNFR:Fc was delivered to the joints of rats with experimentally induced arthritis. The data from these studies demonstrated that a single injection of rAAV-rat TNFR:Fc vector into the ankles of arthritic rats resulted in a significant reduction in ankle and hind paw swelling as measured by arthritis index scores. The data ... indicated that animals treated in a single joint experienced a reduction in swelling in the untreated joint as well as the treated joint. This was observed in the absence of significant levels of circulating TNFR:Fc protein. Preclinical evaluation of safety showed that rAAV-TNFR:Fc was safe and well tolerated.
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While evidence of primary ankle (kaki) osteoarthritis has been discovered in dinosaurs, the first known traces of human arthritis date back as far as 4500 BC. It was noted in skeletal remains of Native Americans found in Tennessee and parts of what is now Olathe, Kansas. Evidence of arthritis has been found throughout history, from Ötzi, a mummy (circa 3000 BC) found along the border of modern Italy and Austria, to the Egyptian mummies circa 2590 BC
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