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Arthritis: Inflammations
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Arthritis literally means "inflammation of a joint." In some forms of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis, the inflammation arises because the smooth covering (articular cartilage) on the ends of bones become damaged or worn. Osteoarthritis is usually found in one, usually weightbearing, joint.
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Inflammatory arthritis is characterized by inflammation of tissues associated with joints. Connective tissue diseases, crystal deposition diseases, infectious arthritis, and spondyloarthropathies are examples of inflammatory arthritis. Connective tissue diseases are a group of acute and chronic diseases characterized by involvement of joints, connective tissue, serosal membranes, and small blood vessels. These diseases are divided into acquired disorders (for example, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, vasculitis) and rare hereditary diseases (for example, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome). Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common variety of inflammatory arthritis. It occurs in younger and middle-aged persons and is characterized by noninfectious inflammation of the synovium (joint-lining membrane) frequently associated with extraarticular manifestations other than in the joints.
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In some types of arthritis, inflammation occurs in the damaged area of a joint. Damage may be caused by any number of conditions, including trauma, infection, nerve damage, metabolic disturbances, or unknown reasons. Symptoms of inflammation include redness and warmth in the area of the injury, swelling, and pain. In other forms of arthritis, inflammation arises in normal joints and causes damage.
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In the Weizmann Institute animal model, inflammatory arthritis was induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant containing inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis into rats. AVR118 was administered for 14 days out of the twenty-four days that the animals were observed for the full development of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of AVR118 were evident even for the ten days following the discontinuation of the drug. This adjuvant arthritis model in animals serves as an experimental model for human rheumatoid arthritis.
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The word "arthritis" is derived from two Greek words that together mean "inflammation of the joint." A joint is where two bones meet. A healthy joint is cushioned by cartilage (a coating on the end of each bone) and by synovial fluid (a fluid in the space between the two bones). Arthritis occurs in joints where cartilage has become damaged.
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New data supports IL-6 receptor inhibition as a key component in controlling inflammation from RARoche today announced significant results from 'OPTION'1, the first rheumatoid arthritis multinational phase III study of Actemra (tocilizumab) outside of Japan. [click link for full article] ...more
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