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Arsenic: Waters
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Arsenic is a naturally occurring element found in the earth's crust that is found most everywhere. It occurs naturally in rocks and soil, water, air, and plants and animals. There are trace amounts of it in all living matter.
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Arsenic acid, H3AsO4, is prepared as shown above, the compound 2H3AsO4.H2O on being heated to 100° C. parting with its water of crystallization and leaving a residue of the acid, which crystallizes in needles. On heating to 180° C. it loses water and yields pyroarsenic acid, H4As2O7, which at 200° C. loses more water and leaves a crystalline mass of meta-arsenic acid, HAsO3 These latter two acids are only stable in the solid state; they dissolve readily in water with evolution of heat and immediate transformation into the ortho-arsenic acid. The salts of arsenic acid, termed arsenates, are isomorphous with the phosphates, and in general character and reactions resemble the phosphates very closely; ... both series of salts give similar precipitates with "magnesia mixture" and with ammonium molybdate solution, but they can be distinguished by their behaviour with silver nitrate solution, arsenates giving a reddish-brown precipitate,whilst phosphates give a yellow precipitate.
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Arsenic in poultry litter poses a contamination risk to organic crops and soil. At a minimum, organic producers should use practices that are not high risk, according to the following risk assessment table. While the NOP rule is not clear regarding the use of poultry litter containing arsenic as a fertilizer or soil amendment, an accredited certifying agent might require that a farm plan address the potential arsenic contamination of soil and water posed by broiler litter. Such a plan would involve documentation to certify that management practices are not contributing to environmental degradation or health risks.
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Arsenic in ground water is largely the result of minerals dissolving from weathered rocks and soils. Several types of cancer have been linked to arsenic in water. In 2001 the US Environmental Protection Agency lowered the maximum level of arsenic permitted in drinking water from 50 micrograms per liter (ug/L) to 10 ug/L.
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Arsenic can be found naturally in certain soils. When arsenic comes in contact with groundwater it may end up in water, as well. Arsenic is a metalloid, which basically means that it has the properties of both metal and non-metal. As a compound, arsenic may be toxic. That is why it is commonly applied in rat poison.
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Arsenic has been used as a medicinal agent, a pigment, a pesticide, and an agent of criminal intent. It is typically considered a heavy metal and shares many toxic characteristics with the other heavy metals (eg, lead, mercury). Arsenic is primarily used in the production of glass and semiconductors. It is ... found in certain water supplies and seafood.
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