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Armenia: United States
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Armenia's history is rich with many cultures, including its own very deep traditions. Positioned dead center between all the powers of the ancient world, it was often ruled, at least in part by several different nations at a time. The Persians were the first of these to impose their will on Armenia, with client kingdom (satrapy) status lasting roughly from 600 to 400 BC. Even in this early period, Armenia already found itself as a buffer zone between Persian culture in the east and Greek or Hellenistic culture to its west.
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In 301 AD, Armenia became the first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion, establishing a church that still exists independently of both the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches. During its later political eclipses, Armenia depended on the church to preserve and protect its unique identity. From around 1100 to 1350, the focus of Armenian nationalism moved south, as the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, which had close ties to European Crusader states, flourished in southeastern Asia Minor until conquered by Muslim states.
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Between 1200 - 800 BC, much of Armenia was united under a confederation of kingdoms, which Assyrian sources called Nairi ("Land of Rivers" in Assyrian"). The Egyptians used Nairi for Mitanni, referring to the "Land of Rivers". Nairi was later absorbed into the kingdom of Urartu. The Armenian state of Urartu exists between the ninth and sixth century BC. The second map shows Urartu at its greatest extent in the time of Sarduris II, 743 BCE. The following maps show the territorial development of Urartu between 860 and 585 BCE.
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Armenia is governed under the constitution of 1995 as amended. The head of state of republic is the president, who is head of state, is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. The prime minister, who is the head of government, is appointed by the president. There is a popularly elected 131-member unicameral national assembly, with some members elected directly and others proportionally. Administratively, Armenia is divided into 11 provinces.
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In March 1993, Armenia signed the multilateral Chemical Weapons Convention, which calls for the eventual elimination of chemical weapons. Armenia acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as a non-nuclear weapons state in July 1993. Armenia is member of Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) along with Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and is in a NATO organisation called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Armenia has engaged in a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo as part of non-NATO KFOR troops under Greek command.[31] Armenia has 46 members of its military forces as a part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq War.[32]
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After the fall of Urartu around 585 BC, the Kingdom of Armenia was ruled by the Armenian Orontid Dynasty, which governed the state in 585 - 190 BC. Under Orontids, Armenia at times was an independent kingdom, and at other times a satrapy of the Persian Empire. This map shows the Achaemid Empire (Persia (648–330 BCE) at its greatest extent. More maps: Atlas of the Persian Empire.
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