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Armenia: Russian Armenia
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Armenia is a country which was incorporated into Russian Empire in 1828 and the USSR in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated exclave, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the exclave in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but ... a significant portion of Azerbaijan proper. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution, and the Turkish economic blockade of Armenia. Armenia is a primarily Oriental Orthodox country.
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Armenia is a landlocked mountainous country in Eurasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, located in the Southern Caucasus, sharing borders with Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. It is a former republic of the Soviet Union. Armenia is a unitary, multiparty, democratic nation-state and one of the oldest and most historic civilizations in the world that is rich in cultural heritage with the Christianity mainly influenced. Shopping in Armenia, be prepared to bargain, at Vernissage - Every Saturday near Republic Square there is an open market, where you can buy everything from a 300 year old carpet to a 1970s Soviet phone to Russian nesting dolls.
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All male citizens of Armenia, except as noted above, over age 20 should have a military booklet, (a military service document... known as voyenni billet in Russian) which contains information on the terms of service and/or discharge. After turning 27, persons holding registration cards with legal deferment stamps will also be issued a military booklet.
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Between August 21 and September 22, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikstan, and Turkmenistan declared their independence. Simultaneously, Boris Yeltsin ordered the CPSU to suspend its activities on the territory of Russia and closed the Central Committee building at Staraya Ploschad. The Russian flag now flew beside the Soviet flag at the Kremlin. In light of these circumstances, Gorbachev resigned as General Secretary of the CPSU on August 24 and advised the Central Committee to dissolve. Gorbachev's hopes of a new Union were further hit when the Congress of People's Deputies dissolved itself on September 5. Though Gorbachev and the representatives of 8 republics (excluding Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldavia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) signed an agreement on forming a new economic community on October 18, events were overtaking Gorbachev.[5]
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Minorities in Armenia enjoy equal rights and full freedom. The Government has adopted policies encouraging the minorities to develop their cultures and education. Minorities in Armenia have always been free from any persecution on their religious beliefs, languages, traditions and customs. These freedoms are enshrined in the Declaration of Independence which guarantees the "free and equal development of its citizens, regardless of national origin, race or creed." Next to the Russians, the largest minority are Yezidis, who live mainly in the rural areas of Armenia. They adhere to a distinct religion which bears traces of Iranian Zoroastrinism, Christianity and Islam.
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The Berlin treaty was a disappointment to the Gregorian Armenians, who had hoped that Armenia and Cilicia would have been formed into an autonomous province administered by Christians. But the formation of such a province was impossible. The Gregorians were scattered over the empire, and, except in a few small districts, were nowhere in a majority. Nor were they bound together by any community of thought or sentiment. The Turkish-speaking Armenians of the south could scarcely converse with the Armenian-speaking people of the north; and the ignorant mountaineers of the east had nothing in common, except religion, with the highly educated townsmen of Constantinople and Smyrna. After the change in tiry u- Russian policy and the failure of the powers to secure reforms, the advanced party amongst the Armenians, some of whom had been educated in Europe and been deeply affected by the free thought and Nihilistic tendencies of the day, determined to secure their object by the production of disturbances such as those that had given birth to Bulgaria.
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