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Armenia: Countries
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In 301, Armenia became the first country in the world to adopt Christianity as its official state religion,[12][13] while a number of Christian communities have been established in Armenia since 40 AD. There had been various pagan communities before Christianity, but they were converted by an influx of Christian missionaries. Tiridates III (238-314 AD) was the first ruler to officially Christianise his people, his conversion occurring ten years before the Roman Empire granted Christianity an official toleration under Galerius, and 36 years before Constantine the Great was baptised.
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The history of Armenia has been largely influenced by its physical features. The isolation of the valleys, especially in winter, encouraged a tendency to separation, which invariably showed itself when the central power was weak. The rugged mountains have always been the home of hardy mountaineers impatient of control, and the sanctuary to which the lowlanders fled for safety in times of invasion. The country stands as an open doorway between the East and the West. Through its long valleys run the roads that connect the Iranian plateau with the fertile lands and protected harbours of Asia Minor, and for its possession nations have contended from the remotest past.
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The name Armenia was the name the Persians gave to this land. It traditionally derives from either Armenak or Aram (the great grandson of Haik's great grandson, and another Armenian leader from rich Armenian legend who is ... according to traditional acccounts the ancestor of all Armenians). Pre-Christian accounts suggest it as having derived from Nairi, which means land of rivers, and is the ancient name for the country's mountainous region, the name first used by Greek historians around 1,000 BC (???), while the first recorded inscription bearing the name, namely the Behistun Inscription in Iran dates from BC 521.
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UNDP Country Office in Armenia was established in 1993. Since 2005, UNDP operates in Armenia based on the Country Programme Document for 2005-2009. The mandate of UNDP includes policy advice for people-centred development, advocacy, capacity building, institution building, coordination of external assistance, rehabilitation and direct support. The total volume of UNDP programmes in Armenia for 1993-2004 amounted to US$21 million, which included UNDP core resources and donor cost-sharing.
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Armenia's securities market is not well developed although there is a system and legal framework in place. There is trade in Armenian Government bonds and the country's first commercial bond was issued in December 2005. The Armenian stock market (ArmEx) introduced foreign exchange trading in November of 2005. Turnover in corporate equities... is less than USD 1.5 million annually.
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The environmental issues of land-locked Armenia are numerous. Water concerns range from the pollution of the Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers, to the threat of drinking water supplies due to draining the country’s large lake, Sevana Lich, for hydropower use. There is soil pollution from toxic chemicals, such as DDT, and deforestation from the inhabitants scavenging for firewood during the 1990’s energy crisis. In addition, Armenia has restarted their Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone.
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