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Archimedes: Discoveries
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Archimedes is said to have made observations of the solstices to determine the length of the year and to have discovered the distances of the planets. In The sand Reckoner he describes a simple device for measuring the angle subtended by the sun at an observer's eye.
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Archimedes lived from 287 to 212 B.C., a generation after Euclid. He was a great inventor (remember "Eureka"?) and is credited with creating, 2200 years ago, the first puzzle ever known. Like all of his other ingenious inventions, his puzzle is brilliant and challenging even today. The most interesting fact is that his puzzle was discovered accidentally, in 1846, but lay in obscurity for over a century.
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Archimedes discovered three-dimensional figures that contained either two or more equiangular and equilateral polygons, or the same polygon that met at vertices in different ways. This showed that not all three-dimensional figures do not have all the same polygons and the figures do not all meet in the same way at the vertices. These figures are the: rhombicuboctahedron, icosidodecahedron, truncated dodecahedron, rhombicosidodecahedron, snub dodecahedron,truncated cuboctahedron, truncated icosahedron, snub cube,truncated icosidodecahedron, truncated tetrahedron, trucated octahedron, cuboctahedron, and truncated cube. An example of different polygons making up an Archimedean Solid is the icosidodecahedron. This figure consists of thirty-two bases; they are twenty triangles and twelve pentagons. An example of different kinds of vertices making up an Archimedean Solid is a stella octangula.
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