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Archetypes: Carl Jung
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Awareness of archetypes dates back at least to the time of Plato, who called them Forms. Plato believed that these eternal Forms were reflected in material objects. The Form of Beauty, for example, is abstract and applies to all beautiful things; as different as the individual manifestations of Beauty may be--a beautiful person, horse, or flower--the Form itself never changes. The great Swiss psychologist Carl Jung developed this idea further. For Jung, archetypes comprised psychological patterns derived from historical roles in life, such as the Mother, Child, Trickster, and Servant, as well as universal events or situations, including Initiation or Death and Rebirth. Along with our individual personal unconscious, which is unique to each of us, Jung asserted, "there exists a second psychic system of a collective, universal, and impersonal nature that is identical in all individuals." This collective unconscious, he believed, was inherited rather than developed, and was composed mainly of archetypes.
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Jung, says that these archetypes represent "absolutes" in the human psyche. "The archetypes are both linked to the instincts and to spirituality; they are charged with intensity and works automatically from the unconscious", he says. "[…] They have existed from the earliest record of human history. […] There are as many archetypes as there are typical situations in life, the endless repetition has engraved these experiences into our psychic condition […].Archetypes can be the father, the mother, the wise old woman, the magician, the hermit, the fool, the devil, the trickster, the lover, and so on." - And constantly new "archetypes" are being created from typical situations in our modern life and added to the list, such as ", "Santa Claus" "the mother in law", "the aliens", the terrorist", and soon.
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The concept of psychological archetypes was advanced by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, c. 1919. In Jung's psychological framework archetypes are innate, universal prototypes for ideas and may be used to interpret observations. A group of memories and interpretations associated with an archetype is a complex, e.g. a mother complex associated with the mother archetype. Jung treated the archetypes as psychological organs, analogous to physical ones in that both are morphological constructs that arose through evolution. [3]
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You must understand that these archetypes are not really biological things, like Freud's instincts. They are more spiritual demands. For example, if you dreamt about long things, Freud might suggest these things represent the phallus and ultimately sex. But Jung might have a very different interpretation. Even dreaming quite specifically about a penis might not have much to do with some unfulfilled need for sex.
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Jungians stress the role of Archetypes in the lives of individuals. Archetypes connect the individual and idiosyncratic to the collective and transpersonal. For example, a person in the magnetic pull of the Puer Aeternis can appear youthful and charming, full of enthusiasms and ideas, always flying. The darker side of the Puer lies in the difficulties they have in trying to stay grounded or make a long term commitment to work and relationships.
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Exploring the relevance of Jungian theory as it applies to science fiction, horror and fantasy films, this text demonstrates the remarkable correlation existing between Jung's major archetypes and recurring themes in various film genres. An introduction acquaints readers with basic Jungian theory archetypes before proceeding to film analysis. A diverse selection of movie and television summaries illustrate the relationship between a particular Jungian image and the examined films.
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Carl Jung