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Appendicitis: Inflammation
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Appendicitis is a condition characterised by inflammationof the appendix. While mild cases may resolve without treatment, most require removal of the inflamed appendix, either by laparotomyor laparoscopy. Untreated, mortality is high, mainly due to peritonitisand shock.
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Appendicitis represents an appendix inflammation, very frequent, which affects 7% of the Americans in different ages. Studies have proved that in countries with a larger amount of fibre in alimentation the cases of appendicitis are fewer than in the U.S.
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Appendicitis can be treated by removal of the appendix through a surgical procedure called an appendicectomy (... known as an appendectomy). Antibiotics are often given intravenously to help kill remaining bacteria and thus reduce the inflammation.
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One of the options for managing mild to moderately severe appendicitis that is unlikely to be associated with major perforation of the appendix and complications is treatment with antibiotics but no surgery. Patients often resolve their inflammation with antibiotics alone, but it has not been clear how many respond to antibiotics alone and what happens to them in the longer term, that is, over the ensuing weeks, months, or years. Specifically, does appendicitis recur and/or is surgery ultimately required?
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INTERPRETATION: TNFalpha and IL-2 mRNA expression is a sensitive marker of inflammation in appendicitis. A substantial proportion of histologically normal appendixes showed clear evidence of an inflammatory response in the form of increased cytokine expression.
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In the cited report, U-5-HIAA levels increase significantly in acute appendicitis, decreasing when the inflammation shifts to necrosis of the appendix. Therefore, such decrease could be an early warning sign of perforation of the appendix.
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