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Apollinaire: Works
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Apollinaire died of influenza in the great epidemic of 1918, on November 9, in Paris in his apartment on the Boulevard Saint-Germain. Experimental CALLIGRAMMES (1918), Apollinaire's poetic record of his war experiences, was published a few months before his death. André Breton, Tristan Tzara, Paul Éluard, and Louis Aragon and other poets of the younger generation took up its call to investigate new worlds of expression. Cubism left its marks on several literary works and authors. Max Jacon, André Salmon, Pierre Reverdy, and Gertrude Stein were intimately connected with the cubist painters. In prose, critics have seen cubist aesthetics in André Gide's novel Les Fauxmonnayeurs (1925).
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In Les Peintres cubistes Apollinaire defined ‘Orphic Cubism’ as:the art of painting new totalities with elements that the artist does not take from visual reality, but creates entirely by himself; he gives them a powerful reality. An Orphic painter’s works should convey an untroubled aesthetic pleasure, but at the same time a meaningful structure and sublime significance. In other words, they must reflect the subject. This is pure art. The light in Picasso’s work embodies this art, which Robert Delaunay invents, and toward which Fernand Léger, Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp are ... striving.
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Rouveyre wrote the text of Apollinaire and Matisse designed the cassette, a jacket, an engraving, 7 lithographs (portraits) and 3 linogravures (initials). Between 1941 and 1951, Matisse worked on his contribution to this book in which a portrait of Apollinaire is one of the works to appear. The printing work was finished in April 1952 - and the author was delighted with the blue cassette with white lettering and the jacket with the yellow flowers that had been printed by the printer Mourlot. The book ultimately didn’t appear until 1953, thirty-five years after the death of their mutual friend.
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A fully annotated, bilingual edition, Calligrammes is a key work not only in Apollinaire's own development but in the evolution of modern French poetry. Apollinaire-Roman by birth, Polish by name (Wilhelm-Apollinaris de Kostrowitski), Parisian by choice-died at thirty-eight in 1918. Nevertheless, he became one of the leading figures in twentieth-century poetry, a transitional figure whose work at once echoes the Symbolists and anticipates the work of the Surrealists. -University of California Press
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