LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Anthrax: Animals
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Anthrax in horses and related animals is acute and can last up to 96 hours. Clinical manifestations depend upon how the infection occurred. If due to ingestion of spores, as in cattle, septicemia, fever, colic, and enteritis are prominent. Anthrax due to insect bite introduction (mechanical transmission) is characterized by localized hot, painful, edematous, and subcutaneous swellings at the bite location that spread to the throat, lower neck, floor of the thorax, abdomen, prepuce, and mammary glands. These horses may have a high fever and dyspnea due to swelling of the throat or colic due to intestinal involvement.
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Anthrax is responsible for the deaths of thousands of domesticated and wild herbivorous animals annually. Parts of Africa, Asia, southern Europe, and North and South America are subject to repeated outbreaks. In the Western Hemisphere, anthrax is well controlled in livestock.
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Anthrax is an infection caused by a bacterium (a type of germ) called Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis). Although it's most commonly seen in grazing animals like sheep, pigs, cattle, horses, and goats, anthrax can ... occur in humans — although it's very rare.
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Anthrax is not transmitted from one human to another but is generally contracted from infected animals. Cutaneous anthrax can be contracted by handling the hides or wool of infected animals. Another high profile case involving anthrax occurred in 2006 when a New York City man was exposed while using imported goat hides to make traditional African drums.
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Anthrax is primarily a disease of domesticated and wild animals, particularly herbivorous animals. Humans become infected incidentally when brought into contact with diseased animals, their hides or hair, or their excrement. Many species of animals and birds can acquire the disease naturally.
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Anthrax may ... be spread through wounds caused by blood sucking insects, dehorning, or castration. Outbreaks have occurred because of contaminated feed, particularly through bone meal, meat scraps, and other animal protein products. Present regulations pertaining to manufacture and importation of such animal products virtually eliminate these as a source of infection.
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