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American Literature: United States
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As African Americans' place in American society has changed over the centuries, so, too, have the foci of African American literature. Before the American Civil War, African American literature primarily focused on the issue of slavery, as indicated by the subgenre of slave narratives. At the turn of the 20th century, books by authors such as W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington debated whether to confront or appease racist attitudes in the United States. During the American Civil Rights movement, authors such as Richard Wright and Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about issues of racial segregation and black nationalism. Today, African American literature has become accepted as an integral part of American literature, with books such as Roots: The Saga of an American Family by Alex Haley, The Color Purple by Alice Walker, and Beloved by Toni Morrison achieving both best-selling and award-winning status.
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It should be stated without hesitation that Professor Paul Reuben's Perspectives in American Literature web pages are an invaluable resource to instructors of surveys of American Literature, along with their students. Perhaps no other site on the world wide web is more often cross-referenced and "linked to" from the thousands of other literary web pages than the PAL site. Reuben, a professor of literature at California State University at Stanislaus, has been constantly updating and revising the information found in these pages since 1979. The project went online over four years ago. This extensive site is now composed of 280 distinct web pages.
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The Encyclopedia of American Literature is envisioned as a comprehensive survey of the growth and development of literature that is by definition American in scope or origin. Incorporating entries for authors from colonial times to the present with a crosssection of topical articles pertaining to genre, period, ethnicity, and discipline, the Encyclopedia represents the most extensive single-volume treatment of its subject available for the general and scholarly reader alike. A decade in the making, the Encyclopedia represents a collaborative effort involving over 300 contributors from across the United States and
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A Sourcebook for Hispanic Literature and Language: a selected, annotated guide to Spanish, Spanish American, and United States Hispanic bibliography, literature, linguistics, journals, and other source materials (Donald William Bleznick. 3rd ed. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1995. 310 p.)
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This view of African American literature is grounded in the experience of Black people in the United States. Even though African Americans have long claimed an American identity, during most of United States history they were not accepted as full citizens and were actively discriminated against. As a result, they were part of America while ... outside it.
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In addition, American Literature, Volume II offers a number of complete works, including Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones, Tennessee Williams's Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Amiri Baraka's Dutchman, and Suzan-Lori Parks's In the Blood. The selections are supported by stimulating period introductions that take the form of Letters to the Reader; informative headnotes and bibliographies; textual annotations; a map of the United States; and a detailed chronology.
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