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Alfred Binet: Psychologists
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Binet was born in 1857, in Nice, France. His father was a physician, and his mother was an artist. His parents separated when he was young, and Binet then moved to Paris with his mother. He attended law school, and earned his degree in 1878. He planned on going to medical school, but decided that his interest in psychology was more important. Binet was a self-taught psychologist from reading books by Charles Darwin, Alexander Bain, and others.
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After working with many prominent psychologists, Binet and Fere finally discovered something on their own; transfer and perceptual and emotional polarization. Transfer was a concept where it was reported that hypnotized patients could transfer a movement such as lifting an arm, to the other side of the body by the use of a magnet. Perceptual polarization meant that an existing perception could be changed to the polar opposite by a magnet and a magnet produced and opposite emotion in emotional polarization. They thought these findings were extremely important, but they were eventually forced to admit that they were wrong.
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Binet had early been impressed by the attempt of the English psychologist, Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) to record individual differences by means of standardized tests. He adapted Galton's method to studies of eminent writers, artists, mathematicians, and chess players, often supplementing the more formal tests with observations on body type, handwriting, and other characteristics. He published on this in 1895.
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