LYCOS RETRIEVER 
African Americans: Women
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One final risk factor that may account for the HIV epidemic among African Americans is injecting drug use. In 2004, injecting drug users (IDUs) accounted for 17% of all AIDS cases amongst African Americans in the US. Injecting drug use is the second leading cause of HIV infection in African American women and the third leading cause of HIV infection in African American men.
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African Americans in urban communities developed extensive commercial networks and business organizations. Of special note are the activities of the National Association of Wage Earners, National Negro Business League, National Urban League, and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. The National Association of Wage Earners worked to standardize and improve living conditions for women, particularly migrant workers, and to develop and encourage efficiency among African American workers. The National Negro Business League, directed during the 1920s by Robert Russa Moton, was a national network of African American entrepreneurs and small businessmen. The papers of the league, preserved in this collection, describe African American commercial endeavors and economic aspirations and confirm that African American small businessmen enjoyed a measure of success in the 1920s economy. The National Urban League developed training programs intended to help African Americans migrating from the South to the North and to this end published several surveys of black populations in northern cities.
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Closing the Quality Gap - Among African Americans who have insurance, it’s likely to be lower quality. Only half of black women have employer-based health care compared with two thirds of white women. Nearly a third of African American women experience gaps in their health care coverage over the course of a year compared with less than a quarter of white women. Because of barriers to quality private coverage, African Americans are ... more likely to rely on public programs. Close to twenty percent of non-elderly African Americans are enrolled in Medicaid. Forty-five percent of African American children participate in Medicaid - twice the rate of Medicaid coverage of white children.
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Lung cancer among African Americans accounts for the largest number of cancer deaths among both men (30%) and women (21%), followed by prostate cancer in men (19%) and breast cancer in women (19%). (1)
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African American women of the West were ... a part of this inclusive history. Research has shown that they worked all sorts of jobs as women of the West. They were employed as domestics, farm workers, seamstresses, innkeepers, cooks, laundresses, school teachers, general store operators, church and sunday school teachers, and nurses. Many African American women went Westward also as "mail order brides" and started families as homemakers to men who had previously moved Westward across the Great Plains as gold prospectors, cattlemen, and railroad workers.
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Brave African American men and women have advanced the cause of peace and defended the ideals of freedom since the 1700s. As far back as 1702, blacks were fighting against the French and the Indians in the New World. Virginia and South Carolina allowed African Americans to enlist in the militia, and, throughout the eighteenth century, some slaves were able to exchange their military service for freedom. African American soldiers served in the armed forces during the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the Civil War, the Spanish-American War, World Wars I and II, the Korean War, the Vietnam conflict, the Persian Gulf War, and during peace-keeping ventures in Somalia and Haiti. For nearly two centuries... segregation existed in the U.S. military—a shameful testament to the nation's long history of racial discrimination.
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