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African Americans: Populations
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The historical roots of the nominal identity of African Americans date back to the early nineteenth century, when there were intense debates and political movements, mostly among free blacks in the North, to reunite with their African heritage. Part of the discussion and designation ... involved classification of "mixed-race" populations, whose identity raised serious questions about the relevance of racial classification based on pigmentation. According to Collier-Thomas and Turner,
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There is a special relationship between African Americans and some of the leading American cities. Often this relationship goes back to the founding of the cities as frontier trading posts or farming settlements in swamps. Four of the most important American cities are Washington, the capital of the nation; New York, the financial center and largest city; Chicago, the hub of the nation and second largest city; and Los Angeles, the Mecca of the west and third largest city. All of these great cities have special historical links to the African American population from the earliest colonial period to the founding of the nation in 1786 and its rise as an industrial power in the 19th and 20th centuries. Like many of America's leading cities today, Washington, New York, Chicago and Los Angeles are examples of historical African American ties to America's early development as well as the growing political power emerging from the concentration of Americans of African descent in the urban areas. New York has the largest and most diverse population of African Americans.
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The U.S. Census Bureau projects that by the year 2050, minorities (including people of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent) will comprise a majority of the nation's population. In 1991 just over 12 percent of the U.S. population was black; as of 1994, about 32 million people of African heritage were citizens of the United States. Within six decades, blacks are expected to make up about 15 percent of the nation's population (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1993).
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The 2000 U.S. Census revealed that there were almost 35 million African Americans, or about 13 percent of the total U.S. population. This small percentage of the populace has had a significant influence on American cuisine, not only because African-American food is diverse and flavorful, but ... because of its historical beginnings. Despite their cultural, political, economic, and racial struggles, African Americans have retained a strong sense of their culture, which is, in part, reflected in their food.
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As migration from the South ended, Cleveland's African American population stabilized in the 1970s and 1980s. Although the ghetto expanded into EAST CLEVELAND, fair housing programs and laws made it possible for middle-class blacks to have greater choice of residency. Eastern suburbs such as SHAKER HEIGHTS and CLEVELAND HEIGHTS absorbed large numbers of black residents by the 1970s, but managed to maintain integrated populations. In addition, some of the more blatant causes of the riots--such as the small number of black police officers--were partially resolved. But fundamental problems remained. Inner-city residents suffered high levels of crime, infant mortality, and teenage pregnancy in the 1970s and `80s, but the most significant obstacles for black Clevelanders remained economic in nature.
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There will be 20.1 mln African Americans, or 51.9% of the African American population, online by 2007, according to eMarketer. Currently, there are about 18.4 mln, or 48.7%, of the African American population, online. Tags: African-American Blog posts 2006-02-13
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