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African Americans: Groups
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The history of social designations applied to African Americans suggests that the nominal identity of this group may change in the future to reflect the evolution of internal group consciousness, political interests, and social heterogeneity or diversity. Some groups such as "biracial" persons or foreign-born immigrants from African or Caribbean countries may choose in increasing numbers not to be viewed strictly as African American. These issues point to the dynamic nature and significance of racial classification—it has changed and will continue to change. It is ... important to note that African American as a racial classification in the United States reflects the unique historical experience and journey of identity in ways that render international comparisons problematic.
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In a large epidemiological study in North Manhattan, rates of dementia were compared for African Americans, Hispanics (primarily Dominicans and some Puerto Ricans), and non-Hispanic Whites. In all ages, Hispanics had the highest rates of dementia, followed closely by African Americans, both of which were much higher than the rates for the Whites. In the 85+ age group, 54% of African Americans were identified as having dementia. However, in addition to age, education was found to be highly correlated to dementia. The authors state, “With age and education controlled, ethno-racial membership loses its association with dementia” (Gurland et al., 1997, p. 252).
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The African-American Heritage Video program is one piece of a much larger vision and goal. Brilliantly utilizing the broad reach of the internet, YELLOWPAGES.travel and SearchBoth.com have additionally created heritage video programs for an array of other heritages, including, Jewish, Iranian-American, Gay and Lesbian, and American, with many more in the pipeline. "The point isn't to bring awareness to or for one particular group, but to all groups," claims Kalili.
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The CDC currently funds several projects around the United States that address the epidemic in African Americans 24. These include rapid HIV testing programmes in traditionally black universities and colleges across the country, a variety of epidemiological research programmes and the ‘Minority AIDS Initiative’ which aims to address health disparities and provide prevention programmes to ethnic minority groups at high risk of HIV. The CDC ... runs a variety of social marketing and advertising campaigns, many of which target black churches - the focal points of many African American communities (around 80% of African Americans are thought to belong to a church). And in 2007, they provided $35 million to facilitate HIV testing and improve early HIV diagnoses in areas with high levels of HIV within local black communities25.
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BET, a subsidiary of Viacom, Inc. (NYSE:VIA)(NYSE:and)(NYSE:VIA.B), is the nation's leading television network providing quality entertainment, music, news and public affairs programming for the African-American audience. The BET Network reaches more than 78 million households according to Nielsen media research, and can be seen in the United States, Canada and the Caribbean. BET is a dominant consumer brand in the urban marketplace with a diverse group of branded businesses: BET.com, the Number 1. Internet portal for African Americans; BET Digital Networks -- BET Jazz, BET Gospel and BET Hip Hop, attractive alternatives for cutting-edge entertainment tastes; BET Event Productions, specializing in a full range of event production services, including event management, venue selection, talent recruitment, sound, lighting and stage production; and BET Books, the nation's leading publisher of African-American themed romance novels under the Arabesque Books label, and publisher of new imprints Sepia and New Spirit.
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Sickle cell anemia is a serious and painful disorder that occurs almost exclusively in people of African descent. The disease is believed to have been brought to the United States as a result of African immigration, and by the last decade of the twentieth century it had found its way to all corners of the world. In some African nations, two to three percent of all babies die from the disease. In the United States, one in every 12 African Americans carries the trait; of these, about one in 600 develops the disease. Sickle cell anemia is generally considered to be the most common genetically determined blood disease to affect a single ethnic group (Katie Krauss, "The Pain of Sickle Cell Anemia," Yale-New Haven Magazine, summer 1989, pp. 2-6).
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