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Africa: East Africa
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With a few notable exceptions in East Africa, nearly all African countries have adopted official languages that originated outside the continent and spread through colonialism or human migration. For example, in numerous countries English and French are used for communication in the public sphere such as government, commerce, education and the media. Arabic, Portuguese, Afrikaans and Malagasy are other examples of originally non-African languages that are used by millions of Africans today, both in the public and private spheres.
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Celtel is fully owned by Zain Group (formerly MTC), a leading provider of mobile telecommunications in the Middle East and Africa. The Zain brand is wholly owned by Mobile Telecommunications Company KSC and is listed on the Kuwait Stock Exchange (Stock ticker: ZAIN). The Group operates as Zain in Kuwait, Jordan, Bahrain and Sudan and will start operations in Saudi Arabia early in 2008. Zain ... operates telecommunications networks in Lebanon and Iraq. The company's market capitalisation at November 1, 2007 exceeded US$ 28 billion. For more information please visit http://www.zain.com/
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In 1418, the fifth expedition by Chinese admiral Zheng He reached Africa's east coast. The two later Zheng He voyages, the last in 1432... sailed to East Africa. The Chinese traveled at least as far as Malindi in Kenya. 1482, the Portuguese established the first of many trading stations along the coast of Ghana at Elmina. The chief commodities dealt in were slaves, gold, ivory and spices. The European discovery of the Americas in 1492 was followed by a great development of the slave trade, which, before the Portuguese era, had been an overland trade almost exclusively[32], and never confined to any one continent.[33]
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