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Addiction: Individuals
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Addiction can be difficult for both the addict and their family members. What can be even more difficult is finding the right treatment for an individual. What is treatment? How do you know how to choose the right program?
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Positive addiction is that state of mind that allows a person to pursue a seemingly boring activity until it is no longer boring. All aerobic sports are based on that concept. Explanations of the mechanism involved include addiction to the fabled endorphin- induced "runner's high," addiction to increased self-esteem due to the myriad physical and psychological advantages running provides, and tapping into an individual's natural obsessive-compulsive nature. Long-distance running has, for some, served as a positive addiction replacing a recently-shucked negative addiction such as cigarette smoking and alcoholism. For long-distance runners, the sport and lifestyle often complement other aspects of their lives. For the exercise-addicted, the sport and lifestyle of long-distance running are their life.
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How is drug addiction related to "normal" behavior? Specialized brain systems have evolved to ensure survival of the species. These systems direct behavior by rewarding actions that promote survival of the individual and of the species. Intake of nutrients and procreation are governed by specific brain systems; for example, the interaction of various substances in foods (e.g., sugars, fats) activate taste receptors which in turn activate brain reward mechanisms. Activation of brain reward systems produces changes in affect ranging from slight mood elevation to intense pleasure and euphoria, and these psychological states help direct behavior toward natural rewards. Some chemicals activate brain reward systems directly, bypassing the sensory receptors mediating natural rewards.
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Hydrocodone addiction is a growing crisis in the United States. While illegal drugs like cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine, and heroin remain in the headlines many individuals may be surprised to know that hydrocodone addiction could lurk right behind them as one of the most widely-abused drugs of addiction. In fact, the federal Drug Enforcement Administration believes hydrocodone may be the most abused prescription drug in the country. Nationwide, its use has quadrupled in the last ten years, while emergency room visits attributed to hydrocodone abuse soared 500 percent.
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[A]lthough the legislation may be justifiable on moral grounds to some, it can make addiction or dependency a much more serious issue for the individual. Reliable supplies of a drug become difficult to secure as illegally produced substances may have contaminants. Withdrawal from the substances or associated contaminants can cause additional health issues and the individual becomes vulnerable to both criminal abuse and legal punishment. Criminal elements that can be involved in the profitable trade of such substances can ... cause physical harm to users.
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Alcohol abuse and drug addiction plays a terrible role in many lives. The number of drug addicts and abusers of alcohol seems to rise yearly, without failing to inflict problems on individuals or family members. A drug addict is unable to see the severity of their addiction and how this has led to a crisis. The development of a crisis should be looked as an opportunity in intervening drug addict's life in a positive way.
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